Eficacia del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad frente al entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada en el consumo máximo de oxígeno (vo2peak), un parámetro cardiorrespiratorio para personas de 40 años y más: una revisión sistemática de la literatura y meta-análisis (Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on peak oxygen uptake (vo2peak) a cardiorespiratory parameter for individuals aged 40 and above: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.107824Palabras clave:
HIIT, MICT, VO2máx, ACR, ejercicioResumen
La aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (ACR) es un indicador crucial para evaluar la capacidad máxima de consumo de oxígeno de un individuo. Aunque numerosos estudios han investigado los efectos del ejercicio en la ACR, las comparaciones entre el entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT) y el entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (MICT) en individuos de 40 años o más siguen siendo limitadas y fragmentadas. Esta investigación emplea una revisión sistemática de la literatura (SLR) y un meta-análisis para evaluar la eficacia del HIIT y el MICT en la mejora del VO2máx en individuos de 40 años o más. Los datos se recopilaron de las bases de datos Scopus y WoS utilizando el método PRISMA. Los artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión fueron analizados utilizando RevMan 5.4 y JASP 0.18.3. El análisis reveló que el HIIT tiene una mayor ventaja en la mejora del VO2peak en comparación con el MICT en individuos de 40 años o más. En general, el HIIT aumentó el VO2peak con un valor z de 5.59 (valor p < 0.00001) y un intervalo de confianza del 95% de 0.35 [0.23, 0.48]. Por el contrario, el MICT mostró un valor z de 1.84 (valor p = 0.07) y un intervalo de confianza del 95% de 0.11 [-0.01, 0.23]. La heterogeneidad entre estudios fue de baja a moderada, con un valor de I² del 25% y τ² de 0.03 para HIIT, y un valor de I² del 0% para MICT. El HIIT tiende a ser más efectivo que el MICT en la mejora de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en individuos de 40 años o más. Sin embargo, la diferencia entre los dos métodos no es estadísticamente significativa. Se necesita más investigación con diseños más homogéneos y duraciones de intervención más largas para confirmar estos hallazgos y comprender los mecanismos subyacentes de las diferencias en la eficacia entre HIIT y MICT.
Palabras clave: HIIT, MICT, VO2máx, ACR, ejercicio
Abstract. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a crucial indicator for assessing an individual's maximal oxygen uptake capacity. Although numerous studies have investigated the effects of exercise on CRF, comparisons between high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in individuals aged 40 and above remain limited and fragmented. This research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of HIIT and MICT in improving VO2peak in individuals aged 40 and above. Data were collected from Scopus and WoS databases using the PRISMA method. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using RevMan 5.4 and JASP 0.18.3. The analysis revealed that HIIT has a greater advantage in enhancing VO2peak compared to MICT in individuals aged 40 and above. Overall, HIIT increased VO2peak with a z-value of 5.59 (p-value < 0.00001) and a 95% confidence interval of 0.35 [0.23, 0.48]. Conversely, MICT showed a z-value of 1.84 (p-value = 0.07) and a 95% confidence interval of 0.11 [-0.01, 0.23]. Inter-study heterogeneity was low to moderate, with an I² value of 25% and τ² of 0.03 for HIIT, and an I² value of 0% for MICT. HIIT tends to be more effective than MICT in improving cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals aged 40 and above. However, the difference between the two methods is not statistically significant. Further research with more homogeneous designs and longer intervention durations is needed to confirm these findings and understand the underlying mechanisms of the differences in effectiveness between HIIT and MICT.
Keywords: HIIT, MICT, VO2peak, CRF, exercise
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