O desporto como instrumento de nacionalismo e patriotismo: uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o papel do desporto na formação da identidade nacional em vários países
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108752Palabras clave:
Nacionalismo, patriotismo, deportes, medios de comunicación, identidad nacionalResumen
O presente estudo investiga como o nacionalismo e o patriotismo se refletem no desporto em vários países através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura (RSL). O desporto é frequentemente utilizado como uma ferramenta para difundir valores nacionalistas e patrióticos, moldar a identidade nacional e fortalecer os laços sociais e culturais. Este estudo identifica e analisa literatura relevante das bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science (WoS) para fornecer um resumo do conhecimento atual sobre a relação entre desporto e nacionalismo/patriotismo. As conclusões indicam que os meios de comunicação desportivos desempenham um papel crucial na propagação do nacionalismo através da transmissão de eventos desportivos, criando narrativas nacionais profundas. O simbolismo no desporto também desempenha um papel na reafirmação da identidade nacional, como se verifica nos desportos tradicionais escoceses. Além disso, o desporto é utilizado como uma ferramenta política para promover o nacionalismo e a legitimidade política, particularmente em países como a China e a Coreia do Sul, onde os heróis do desporto e os jogadores nacionalizados se tornam símbolos do nacionalismo e do patriotismo . O estudo revela ainda que os meios de comunicação social moldam a percepção pública do nacionalismo e do patriotismo através de narrativas que destacam as conquistas dos atletas como uma forma de sacrifício nacional. Várias teorias e abordagens analíticas, incluindo a análise crítica do discurso e a teoria necropolítica, são utilizadas para compreender a complexa dinâmica entre o desporto e o nacionalismo. Em conclusão, o desporto tem um papel multifacetado na formação da dinâmica social e cultural, bem como da identidade nacional em vários países. Esta investigação fornece informações valiosas para os académicos, decisores políticos e profissionais do desporto no aproveitamento do potencial do desporto para promover o nacionalismo, o patriotismo e a coesão social, tanto a nível nacional como internacional. Ao compreender este papel, podemos criar uma sociedade mais coesa e unida no meio de desafios globais cada vez mais complexos.
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