Análisis comparativo de ejercicios de flexiones elevadas y en el suelo para la activación del músculo pectoral mayor (Comparative analysis of elevated and floor push-up exercises for activation of the pectoralis major muscle)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.107264Palabras clave:
flexiones de brazos, activación muscular, electromiografía, pectoral mayor, variaciones de ejercicios, raíz cuadrática mediaResumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo medir la activación muscular comparando la electromiografía (EMG) de dos tipos de flexiones, es decir, en el suelo y elevadas. En el estudio se reclutaron 20 deportistas activos masculinos (edad 20,12 ± 3,57 años, peso 65,38 ± 9,32 kg, altura 175,5 ± 10,5 cm). El músculo pectoral mayor (PM) de la parte superior del cuerpo fue elegido como músculo objetivo para el estudio. Se analizó la raíz cuadrática media (RMS) de las actividades EMG para el músculo PM para determinar la participación muscular máxima. En las flexiones elevadas, los samplees realizaron las flexiones en una barra elevada de 18 centímetros de altura, en la que agarraron la barra según el ancho de sus hombros. Además, sus pies estaban apoyados en el suelo sobre una plataforma de altura similar. La prueba t pareada se utilizó como herramienta estadística para comparar la activación EMG del PM entre ambas variaciones de flexiones. Además, se consideraron los valores de media y desviación estándar para la estadística descriptiva. El nivel de significancia se fijó en 0,05. El resultado del estudio mostró que no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las actividades EMG del músculo PM entre las dos variaciones de flexiones con un valor t de -0,89. Sin embargo, la estadística descriptiva mostró que el valor medio de las flexiones elevadas (RMS, 350,63) fue mayor que el de las flexiones en el suelo (RMS, 311,44). Estos hallazgos sugieren que las flexiones elevadas pueden inducir una mayor activación de los músculos PM, potencialmente debido a una mayor inestabilidad debido a la influencia de variaciones elevadas del ejercicio en el compromiso muscular.
Palabras clave: flexiones, activación muscular, electromiografía, pectoral mayor, variaciones de ejercicio, raíz cuadrática media
Abstract. This study aimed to measure muscle activation by comparing electromyography (EMG) of two types of pushups i.e., ground-based and elevated. 20 male active sportspersons (age 20.12±3.57years, weight 65.38±9.32kg, height 175.5±10.5cm) were recruited in the study. The upper body muscle pectoralis major (PM) was chosen as target muscle for the study. Root mean square (RMS) of EMG activities were analysed for the PM muscle to determine maximum muscle involvement. In the elevated pushups, the samples performed the pushups on an elevated pushup bar of 18-centimeter height, in which they gripped the bar as per their shoulder width. Also, their feet were ground-based on a similar height platform. The paired t-test was used as the statistical tool to compare the EMG activation of PM between both variations of pushups. Further, mean and standard deviation values were considered for descriptive statistics. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The result of the study showed that there was no statistically significant difference in EMG activities of PM muscle between the two pushup variations with a t-value of -0.89. However, the descriptive statistics showed that the mean value of elevated pushups (RMS, 350.63) was higher than the grounded pushups (RMS, 311.44). These findings suggest elevated pushups may induce greater PM muscle activation, potentially due to increased instability due to the influence of elveated exercise variations on muscle engagement.
Key words: pushups, muscle activation, electromyography, pectoralis major, exercise variations, root mean square
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