Exploración de las habilidades motoras de los niños con retraso del crecimiento vs. Sin retraso del crecimiento (Exploration of Children's Motor Skills with Stunting Vs. Non-Stunting)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103107Palabras clave:
Locomotor skills, Object control skills, Basic motor skills, Children, Development, Nutritional statusResumen
Antecedentes: El retraso del crecimiento es un problema de crecimiento que ocurre en los niños debido a una deficiencia nutricional crónica durante un largo período de tiempo. Este problema de salud ocurre frecuentemente en la sociedad y es muy preocupante. Desafortunadamente, aún no se comprende completamente su impacto en el desarrollo de los niños. Las habilidades motoras suelen estar asociadas con el estado nutricional de los niños. Estas habilidades son importantes para los niños como base de su capacidad de moverse al realizar actividades. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las diferencias en las habilidades motoras de niños diagnosticados con retraso del crecimiento y sin retraso del crecimiento. Método: Esta investigación utilizó un enfoque comparativo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 48 niños con criterios de edad de 3 a 5 años. Estos niños se dividieron en el grupo con diagnóstico de retraso del crecimiento (N=24) y el grupo sin retraso del crecimiento (N=24). Las habilidades motoras de los niños se midieron mediante la prueba de habilidades motoras TGMD-2 (Test of Gross Motor Development-2). Se ha probado la validez y confiabilidad de la prueba antes de distribuirla a los participantes. Se utilizó la prueba de Shapiro-Wilkoxon para comprobar la distribución normal de los datos. Resultados y discusión: En comparación, el estudio mostró una diferencia significativa entre los niños diagnosticados con retraso del crecimiento y los niños sin retraso del crecimiento (P<0,05). Se informó que los niños diagnosticados con retraso en el crecimiento tenían habilidades motoras más bajas en promedio en el cociente motor brutox̄87. Este valor está por debajo del promedio de la categoría, mientras que los niños sin retraso en el crecimiento tienen un cociente de motricidad gruesax̄111.125, que está por encima de la categoría promedio. En los niños varones con retraso del crecimiento, el mayor rendimiento fue en la habilidad de movimiento de patada con un valor de ±4,25, mientras que el menor rendimiento fue en la habilidad de galope con un valor de ±2,00. Para las niñas con retraso en el crecimiento, el rendimiento más alto fue en la habilidad de control de objetos, golpeando una pelota estacionaria con un valor de ±3,53. Por otro lado, el menor rendimiento se presentó en la habilidad de galope, con un valor de ±1,32. En términos de habilidades motoras, los niños normales obtuvieron mejores resultados que las niñas en saltos, brincos y deslizamientos (P<0,05). Para los niños sin retraso en el crecimiento, el rendimiento más alto fue en habilidades de movimiento de salto con un valor de ±7,05, mientras que el más bajo fue en habilidades de regate estacionario con un valor de ±4,77. Las niñas sin retraso en el crecimiento se parecían a los niños, ya que el rendimiento más alto fue en la habilidad de salto locomotor con un valor de ±7,67, mientras que el rendimiento más bajo fue en la habilidad de rodar hacia abajo con un valor de ±5,11. En términos de habilidades motoras, los niños sin retraso del crecimiento obtuvieron mejores resultados que los niños y niñas con retraso del crecimiento (P<0,05). Conclusión: Hubo diferencias significativas en las habilidades motoras entre los dos grupos. Los niños diagnosticados con retraso del crecimiento tienen habilidades motoras más bajas en comparación con los niños sin retraso del crecimiento. Estos resultados proporcionan una mejor comprensión del impacto del retraso del crecimiento en el desarrollo motor de los niños.
Esta investigación también enfatiza la importancia de la intervención temprana para mejorar las habilidades motoras de los niños diagnosticados con retraso en el crecimiento. Estos hallazgos tienen el potencial de impulsar esfuerzos para prevenir y tratar el retraso del crecimiento en los niños y promover el bienestar del desarrollo general de los niños.
Palabras clave: Habilidades locomotoras; Habilidades de control de objetos; Habilidades motoras básicas; Niños; Desarrollo; Estados nutricionales.
Abstract. Background: Stunting is a growth problem that occurs in children due to chronic nutrition deficiency over a long period of time. This health problem often occurs in society and is very worrying. Unfortunately, its impact on children's development is not yet fully understood. Motor skills are often associated with the children’s nutritional status. These skills are important for children as the basis for their ability to move when carrying out activities. This study aimed to evaluate differences in the motor skills of children diagnosed with stunting and non-stunting. Method: This research used a comparative approach. The sample consisted of 48 children with criteria aged 3 to 5 years. These children were divided into the stunting-diagnosed group (N=24) and the non-stunting group (N=24). Children's motor skills were measured using the TGMD-2 (Test of Gross Motor Development-2) motor skills test. The test has been tested for validity and reliability before being distributed to the participants. The Shapiro-Wilkoxon test was used to check normal data distribution. Results & Discussion: The study showed a significant difference between children diagnosed with stunting and non-stunting children by comparison (P<0.05). Children diagnosed with stunting were reported to have lower motor skills on average gross Motor Quontientx̄87. This value is below average category, while non-stunting children have Gross Motor Quontientx̄111.125, which is beyond the average category. In male stunting children, the highest performance was in the kick movement skill with a value of ±4.25, while the lowest performance was in the gallop skill with a value of ±2.00. For girls with stunting, the highest performance was in the object control skill, striking a stationary ball with a value of ±3.53. On the other hand, the lowest performance was in the gallop skill, with a value of ±1.32. In terms of motor skills, normal boys performed better than girls in jumping, hopping, and sliding (P<0.05). For non-stunting boys, the highest performance was in hop movement skills with a value of ±7.05, while the lowest was in stationary dribble skills with a value of ±4.77. Non-stunting girls resembled the boys as the highest performance was in the locomotive hop skill with a value of ±7.67, while the lowest performance was in the underhand roll skill with a value of ±5.11. In terms of motor skills, non-stunting children performed better than stunting boys and girls (P<0.05). Conclusion: There were significant differences in motor skills between the two groups. Children diagnosed with stunting have lower motor skills compared to non-stunting children. These results provide a better understanding of the impact of stunting on children's motor development. This research also emphasizes the importance of early intervention to improve the motor skills of children diagnosed with stunting. These findings have the potential for efforts to prevent and treat stunting in children and promote the welfare of children's overall development.
Keywords: Locomotor skills; Object control skills; Basic motor skills; Children; Development; Nutritional status.
Citas
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