Direito a uma segunda oportunidade: lições aprendidas da experiência de quem abandonou e regressou à escola
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2020.36.09Palavras-chave:
abandono escolar precoce, envolvimento escolar, educação de segunda oportunidade, relações de suporte, inclusão socialResumo
Partindo da articulação entre pedagogia escolar e pedagogia social, o principal objetivo deste artigo é identificar formas eficazes de garantir o direito à educação a jovens vulneráveis e marginalizados que abandonaram a escola precocemente. A pesquisa que levou a este artigo fez parte de um projeto europeu que investigou como as respostas dos jovens ao conflito podem oferecer oportunidades para um envolvimento social positivo. No presente estudo explorou-se o abandono e o re-envolvimento escolar a partir do ponto de vista de um grupo de 20 jovens portugueses que abandonaram a escola e que mais tarde a retomaram via projetos de Educação de Segunda Oportunidade. Através de uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando entrevistas individuais, observação participante e grupos focais, o estudo procurou uma leitura abrangente do abandono e do re-envolvimento escolar, abordando a diversidade de motivações, experiências, fatores e consequências a eles associados, bem como o papel das políticas educativas e dos fatores escolares nestes fenómenos. Os resultados do estudo revelam que, para muitos jovens social e economicamente vulneráveis, as escolas regulares são lugares de fracasso individual e de conflitos interpessoais onde não se sentem bem-vindos e dos quais deixam de esperar resultados positivos. Isso favorece um distanciamento progressivo da educação que reforça a marginalização social. Por outro lado, os resultados também mostram que, ao envolverem-se em projetos de Educação de Segunda Oportunidade, os jovens demonstram maior comprometimento com a educação e identificam mudanças positivas em termos de desenvolvimento pessoal e de habilidades, ajuste comportamental e estabelecimento de objetivos de vida. A abordagem sociopedagógica holística e individualizada da Educação de Segunda Oportunidade demonstrou ser particularmente adequada para responder às necessidades destes jovens. As estratégias educativas baseadas na comunidade, os ambientes de aprendizagem prática e participativa e o investimento emocional de professores e funcionários revelaram-se os recursos socioeducativos mais eficazes para re-envolver jovens vulneráveis na educação.
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