Sistemas de protección emergentes: el caso de Tánger, ciudad fronteriza.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2010.17.05Keywords:
Menores en riesgo social, sistemas de protección, derechos, desamparo, participación, Under-eighteens in social risk, protection systems, rights, abandonment, participationAbstract
El artículo que se presenta a continuación establece una comparación entre el diseño e inicio de un sistema público de protección a la infancia en Marruecos, concretamente en la ciudad de Tánger, y un sistema de servicios sociales desarrollado en España como experiencia contrastada a través de programas con la infancia y juventud en riesgo social.
El gobierno de Marruecos en su Plan de Acción para la Infancia 2006 – 2015, tiene la responsabilidad de diseñar un sistema de atención y protección en cada una de las medianas y grandes ciudades a través de unidades de protección a la infancia (U.P.E´s). Esta implementación de políticas públicas surge, por un lado, por las graves situaciones de riesgo existentes (abandono y fracaso escolar, analfabetismo y trabajo infantil, etc.) y por otro lado, por la presión de otros países por mejorar la situación de la infancia en Marruecos a través de políticas de calidad, como estrategia de prevención de la emigración infantil irregular.
Se ha tomado el caso concreto de Tánger como lugar estratégico fronterizo, ciudad de paso de muchos menores que se encuentran en la calle esperando la oportunidad de poder emigrar de forma irregular. Sin embargo, es una ciudad donde las instituciones y asociaciones trabajan de forma conjunta para desarrollar un sistema de atención y protección de uno de los colectivos con mayor vulnerabilidad.
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This article establishes a comparison between, on the one hand, the springboard of a public system for childhood protection in Morocco, particularly in Tanger. On the other, a social services’ system developed in Spain as a best practices experience with infants and teenagers in social risk.
The Moroccan Government, on its 2006-2015 Action Plan for Childhood, holds the responsibility of designing an attention and protection system on every medium and big size city through childhood protection units. Besides the existent severe situations of risk (school failure and abandonment, illiteracy, child work…), it is the pressure from other countries that contributes to the implementation of these public policies, as an strategy for preventing irregular child migration.
Tanger, as an strategic border town, has been chosen in particular in this article because there are many children waiting on its streets for the opportunity to migrate. That’s why institutions and partnerships in Tanger work together to develop an attention and protection system for an extremely vulnerable group.
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