Efectos diferenciales de la estimulación cognitiva computarizada y las actividades de ocio estimulantes sobre el estado de ánimo y la cognición global en adultos con deterioro cognitivo subjetivo y leve: Ensayo controlado aleatorizado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1136Palabras clave:
Deterioro Cognitivo Leve, Quejas Subjetivas de Memoria, Estimulación Cognitiva Computerizada, Actividades de Ocio Estimulantes, Atención PrimariaResumen
Fundamento. El deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) se caracteriza por deterioro cognitivo subjetivo y objetivo con funcionamiento diario relativamente preservado, mientras que el deterioro cognitivo subjetivo (DCS) implica percepción de deterioro cognitivo sin déficits medibles. Este estudio evalúa los efectos de un programa personalizado de estimulación cognitiva computarizada frente a actividades de ocio estimulantes en adultos con DCL y DCS.
Métodos. Ensayo controlado aleatorizado simple ciego realizado en Atención Primaria con participantes de ≥50 años, con DCL o DCS, asignados aleatoriamente a dos grupos de intervención (GI1, GI2) y a un grupo control (GC). El GI1 realizó estimulación cognitiva computarizada personalizada 30 minutos/día, 5 días/semana, durante 8 semanas. El GI2 participó en 2-5 actividades de ocio estimulantes/semana durante el mismo periodo. El resultado principal fue la cognición global y los secundarios memoria, fluidez verbal, funcionamiento diario y estado de ánimo.
Resultados. Se reclutaron 59 participantes, 15 con DCL. Frente al GC, el GI1 redujo más la ansiedad post-intervención (2,074; IC95%: 0,927-3,222 vs. 4,338; IC95%: 3.22-5.456) y los síntomas depresivos a los 6 meses (3,407; IC95%: 2,047-4,767 vs. 5,615; IC95%: 4,262-6,968), mientras que el GI2 mejoró la cognición global tanto post-intervención (29,2; IC95%: 27,625-30.776) como a los 6 meses (28,782; IC95%: 27,163-30,402) respecto del GC (30,626; IC95%: 28,987-32,265).
Conclusión. La estimulación cognitiva computarizada personalizada redujo los síntomas ansiosos y depresivos, mientras que las actividades de ocio estimulantes mejoraron la cognición global en adultos con DCS y DCL no institucionalizados, sugiriendo beneficios complementarios de ambos enfoques.
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Números de la subvención GAIAP, B21_23R
