Níveis de atividade física de adolescentes portugueses no primeiro período de confinamento devido à pandemia de COVID-19 e as primeiras atividades de professores e treinadores: um estudo transversal

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.93923

Palavras-chave:

educação física, atividade física, desporto, professores, treinadores, COVID-19

Resumo

Devido à pandemia COVID-19, o confinamento social foi declarado em Portugal a 19 de Março de 2020. As escolas e os clubes desportivos encerraram, o acesso a todas as instalações desportivas e de lazer foi limitado, e os jovens sofreram restrições no que diz respeito à prática de atividades físicas e desportivas. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os níveis de atividade física (AF) e de participação desportiva dos adolescentes antes e durante o confinamento, com quem realizaram AF e identificar as atividades adotadas pelos professores de educação física (EF) e treinadores no sentido de os manter fisicamente ativos. Foi aplicado um questionário on-line entre 27 de Março e 14 de Abril de 2020. Participaram neste estudo um total de 3.012 adolescentes portugueses (57% raparigas) com idades entre os 10 e 19 anos (14,3±2,4 anos). Na análise dos dados foram utilizados o teste Wilcoxon, teste t e Qui-quadrado. Os resultados mostram que o número de estudantes envolvidos em AF aumentou durante o confinamento (72,7% a 88,2%). Para aqueles que praticaram AF antes do confinamento, a frequência de AF diminuiu de 4,7 sessões/semana para 4,4 sessões/semana (durante o confinamento). Para aqueles que não praticavam AF antes do confinamento, começaram por fazer 4,1 sessões/semana. A grande maioria dos professores (77,3%) propôs algumas atividades pedagógicas, tais como aulas de videoconferência (53,6%). Relativamente aos treinadores, 53,4% propuseram atividades, como o treino em circuito, caminhada e ciclismo (18%), ou exercícios de treino específicos e aulas de videoconferência (12%). O número de estudantes que aumentaram a prática regular de AF pode ser justificado pela intervenção imediata de professores de EF, que implementaram várias atividades online, ou porque os estudantes puderam escolher diferentes opções para se manterem ativos.

Palavras chave: educação física, atividade física, desporto, professores, treinadores, COVID-19

 

Referências

Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory: Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall

Beni, S., Fletcher, T., & Ní Chróinín, D. (2017). Meaningful Experiences in Physical Education and Youth Sport: A Review of the Literature. Quest, 69(3), 291-312. doi:10.1080/00336297.2016.1224192

CNAPEF, S. (2020a). Orientações relativas à suspensão das atividades letivas presenciais no 3o período. Conselho Nacional de Associações de Profissionais de Educação Física e Desporto Sociedade Portuguesa de Educação Física. Retrieved from https://cnapef.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/posic3a7c3a3o-cnapef-e-spef-suspensc3a3o-atividades-letivas-presenciais-1.pdf.

Constandt, B., Thibaut, E., De Bosscher, V., Scheerder, J., Ricour, M., & Willem, A. (2020). Exercising in Times of Lockdown: An Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 on Levels and Patterns of Exercise among Adults in Belgium. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 4144. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/11/4144

Coulter, M., Britton, Ú., MacNamara, Á., Manninen, M., McGrane, B., & Belton, S. (2021). PE at Home: keeping the ‘E’ in PE while home-schooling during a pandemic. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 1-13. doi:10.1080/17408989.2021.1963425

Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara, R., Shariful Islam, S. M., Dunstan, D., McVicar, J., Abdelrazek, M., & Maddison, R. (2021). Smartphone-Based Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behavior and Promote Physical Activity Using Integrated Dynamic Models: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res, 23(9), e26315. doi:10.2196/26315

DGS. (2020). React-covid Inquérito sobre alimentação e atividade física em contexto de contenção social. Retrieved from https://nutrimento.pt/activeapp/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/REACTCOVID_Survey_Retificado.pdf.

Directorate-General for Education, Y., Sport and Culture (European Commission) Ecorys and SportsEconAustria (SpEA) (2020). Mapping study on measuring the economic impact of Covid 19 on Sport Sector in EU. A report to the European Commission. Retrieved from

Domville, M., Watson, P., Richardson, D., & Graves, L. (2019). Children’s perceptions of factors that influence PE enjoyment: a qualitative investigation. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 24(3), 207-219. doi:10.1080/17408989.2018.1561836

Ferman, K., Bülent, A., Şamil , E., Erdal, Z., Giyasettin, D., & Ilker, Y. (2010). Teacher-coach role conflict in school-based physical education in USA: a literature review and suggestions for the future. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 2(2010), 19-24. doi:doi:10.2478/v10101-010-0005-y

Goodyear, V. A., Kerner, C., & Quennerstedt, M. (2019). Young people’s uses of wearable healthy lifestyle technologies; surveillance, self-surveillance and resistance. Sport, Education and Society, 24(3), 212-225. doi:10.1080/13573322.2017.1375907

Griggs, G., & Fleet, M. (2021). Most People Hate Physical Education and Most Drop Out of Physical Activity: In Search of Credible Curriculum Alternatives. Education Sciences, 11(11), 701. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7102/11/11/701

Hammami, A., Harrabi, B., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2020). Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-6. doi:10.1080/23750472.2020.1757494

Hausmann, J. S., Touloumtzis, C., White, M. T., Colbert, J. A., & Gooding, H. C. (2017). Adolescent and Young Adult Use of Social Media for Health and Its Implications. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(6), 714-719. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.12.025

Howells, K. (2019). OECD Future of Education 2030: Making Physical Education Dynamic and Inclusive for 2030 International Curriculum Analysis. Retrieved from Paris, France:

Howley, D. (2021). Experiences of teaching and learning in K-12 physical education during COVID-19: an international comparative case study. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 1-18. doi:10.1080/17408989.2021.1922658

Khan, S. R., Uddin, R., Mandic, S., & Khan, A. (2020). Parental and Peer Support are Associated with Physical Activity in Adolescents: Evidence from 74 Countries. International journal of environmental research and public health,, 4435. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124435.

Kretschmann, R. (2015). Effect of Physical Education Teachers' Computer Literacy on Technology Use in Physical Education. . The Physical Educator, 72 (5), 261-277. doi:doi:https://doi.org/10.18666/TPE-2015-V72-I5-4641

Lambert, K., O'Connor, J., Penney, D., & Alfrey, L. . (2017). Health and Physical Education: The Five Propositions: Monash University and ACHPER.

Legrain, P. G., Nicolas & Gernigon, Christophe & Lafreniere, Marc. . (2015). Integration of Information and Communication Technology and Pupils’ Motivation in a Physical Education Setting. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 34, 384-401. doi:10.1123/jtpe.2014-0013.

Lupton, D. (2015). Data assemblages, sentient schools and digitised health and physical education (response to Gard). Sport, Education and Society, 20(1), 122-132. doi:10.1080/13573322.2014.962496

Mendonça, G., Cheng, L. A., Mélo, E. N., & de Farias Júnior, J. C. (2014). Physical activity and social support in adolescents: a systematic review. Health Education Research, 29(5), 822-839. doi:10.1093/her/cyu017

Mota, J., Santos, R., Coelho, E. S. M. J., Raimundo, A. M., & Sardinha, L. B. (2018). Results From Portugal's 2018 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. J Phys Act Health, 15(S2), S398-s399. doi:10.1123/jpah.2018-0541

Mutz, M., & Albrecht, P. (2017). Parents’ Social Status and Children’s Daily Physical Activity: The Role of Familial Socialization and Support. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(11), 3026-3035. doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0808-3

Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., . . . Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. Int J Surg, 78, 185-193. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018

O’Loughlin, J., Chróinín, D. N., & O’Grady, D. (2013). Digital video: The impact on children’s learning experiences in primary physical education. European Physical Education Review, 19(2), 165-182. doi:10.1177/1356336X13486050

Okuyama, J., Seto, S., Fukuda, Y., Funakoshi, S., Amae, S., Onobe, J., . . . Imamura, F. (2021). Mental Health and Physical Activity among Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Tohoku J Exp Med, 253(3), 203-215. doi:10.1620/tjem.253.203

Orlando, J. (2014). Veteran teachers and technology: Change fatigue and knowledge insecurity influence practice. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 20 (4), 427-439. doi:10.1080/13540602.2014.881644

Palao, J. M., Hastie, P. A., Cruz, P. G., & Ortega, E. (2015). The impact of video technology on student performance in physical education. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 24(1), 51-63. doi:10.1080/1475939X.2013.813404

Penney, D., Jones, A., Newhouse, P., & Cambell, A. (2012). Developing a digital assessment in senior secondary physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 17(4), 383-410. doi:10.1080/17408989.2011.582490

Pieron, M., Telama, R., Naul, R., & Almond, J. . (1997). Étude du style de vie d’adolescents européens – Considerations théoriques, objectifs et méthodolo- gie de recherche. Sport, Education and Society(159/160), 43-50.

Pietrobelli, A., Pecoraro, L., Ferruzzi, A., Heo, M., Faith, M., Zoller, T., . . . Heymsfield, S. B. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Lifestyle Behaviors in Children with Obesity Living in Verona, Italy: A Longitudinal Study. Obesity, 28(8), 1382-1385. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22861

Pluta, B. (2021). Leisure-time physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in the family context. Studia Periegetica, 3(35), 23-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.4855

Pombo, A., Luz, C., Rodrigues, L. P., Ferreira, C., & Cordovil, R. (2020). Correlates of children's physical activity during the COVID-19 confinement in Portugal. Public Health(189), 14-19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.009

Pyle, B., & Esslinger, K. (2014). Utilizing Technology in Physical Education: Addressing the Obstacles of Integration. The Delta Kappa Gamma bulletin, 80, 35.

Rich, E., & Miah, A. (2017). Mobile, wearable and ingestible health technologies: towards a critical research agenda. Health Sociology Review, 26(1), 84-97. doi:10.1080/14461242.2016.1211486

Rodrigues, A., Ramos, F., Rodrigues, I., et al. . (2017). Organização escolar: o tempo. . Retrieved from https://www.cnedu.pt/content/noticias/CNE/Organizacao_Escolar_o_tempo-2.pdf

Rundle, A. G., Park, Y., Herbstman, J. B., Kinsey, E. W., & Wang, Y. C. (2020). COVID-19-Related School Closings and Risk of Weight Gain Among Children. Obesity (Silver Spring), 28(6), 1008-1009. doi:10.1002/oby.22813

Sallis, J. F., & McKenzie, T. L. (1991). Physical Education's Role in Public Health. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 62(2), 124-137. doi:10.1080/02701367.1991.10608701

Santos, M., Esculcas, C., & Mota, J. (2004). The relationship between socioeconomic status and

adolescents' organized and nonorganized physical activities. Pediatric Exercise Science, 16, 210-218.

Schmidt, S., Anedda, B., Burchartz, A., Eichsteller, A., Kolb, S., Nigg, C., . . . Woll, A. (2020). Physical activity and screen time of children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: a natural experiment. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 21780. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78438-4

Shaw, S. R., Gomes, P., Polotskaia, A., & Jankowska, A. M. (2015). The relationship between student health and academic performance: Implications for school psychologists. School Psychology International, 36(2), 115-134. doi:10.1177/0143034314565425

Third, A., Bellerose, D., De Oliveira, J. D., Lala, G., & Theakstone, G. . (2017). Young and Online: Children's Perspectives on Life in the Digital Age (The State of the World's Children 2017 Companion Report. Retrieved from

Thompson, T., Rodebaugh, T. L., Bessaha, M. L., & Sabbath, E. L. (2020). The Association Between Social Isolation and Health: An Analysis of Parent–Adolescent Dyads from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating Study. Clinical Social Work Journal, 48(1), 18-24. doi:10.1007/s10615-019-00730-2

UNESCO. (2021b). Quality physical Education policy project: Analysis of process, content and impact. Paris, France: Unesco

UNESCO. (2021c). Making the case for inclusive quality physical education policy development: a policy brief. Paris, France: UNESCO

UNESCO. (2021a). How to influence the development of quality physical education policy: a policy advocacy toolkit for youth. . Paris, France: UNESCO.

Villalba, A., Gonz·lez-Rivera, M. D., & DÌaz-Pulido, B. (2017). Obstacles Perceived by Physical Education Teachers to Integrating ICT. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 16, 83-92.

WHO, & UNESCO. (2021). Making every school a health-promoting school: implementation guidance. . Retrieved from Geneva: World Health Organization and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.:

Wintle, J. (2022). Physical Education and Physical Activity Promotion: Lifestyle Sports as Meaningful Experiences. Education Sciences,, 12(3), 181. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12030181

Zhu, X., & Dragon, L. A. . (2016). Physical activity and situational interest in mobile technology integrated physical education: A preliminary study. . Acta Gymnica 46(2), 59–67. doi: https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2016.010

Publicado

2023-01-02 — Atualizado em 2023-01-02

Como Citar

Gomes, L., Martins, J., Ramos, M., & Carreiro da Costa, F. (2023). Níveis de atividade física de adolescentes portugueses no primeiro período de confinamento devido à pandemia de COVID-19 e as primeiras atividades de professores e treinadores: um estudo transversal. Retos, 47, 701–709. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.93923

Edição

Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.