Autopercepciones de salud, satisfacción con la vida y vitalidad subjetiva de los adolescentes durante la pandemia de COVID-19: un análisis basado en el nivel educativo, género y el estado de actividad física. (Adolescents’ self-perceived health, life satisfaction and subjective vitality during the COVID-19 pan-demic: an analysis based on education level, gender and physical activity status.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.104528Palabras clave:
Palabras clave: Adolescentes; salud auto-percibida; vitalidad; satisfacción con la vida; actividad física; COVID-19.Resumen
Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, las interrupciones en las rutinas de los adolescentes se manifestaron en un aumento de comportamientos sedentarios, una reducción de la actividad física (AF), contactos sociales disminuidos y efectos adversos en la salud mental. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y comparar las auto-percepciones de salud, vitalidad y satisfacción con la vida de los adolescentes según el género, la AF y los niveles de educación durante el período restrictivo de la pandemia antes del confinamiento de enero de 2021. Participaron un total de 1369 estudiantes portugueses (621 niños y 748 niñas; edad media: 14.4 años; DE: 1.74). Las diferencias entre grupos se analizaron mediante ANCOVA, considerando la edad, el IMC estandarizado, el estatus socioeconómico y la AF moderada a vigorosa diaria tanto antes como durante la pandemia. Solo el 3.1% de los adolescentes cumplían con las pautas internacionales de AF. Los resultados indicaron niveles generalmente bajos de auto-percepciones de salud en los adolescentes, especialmente entre las niñas. El estudio arroja luz sobre las auto-percepciones de salud y bienestar de los adolescentes durante la pandemia de COVID-19, destacando las asociaciones entre las medidas restrictivas y la percepción de salud y los niveles de AF de los adolescentes. Futuros estudios son necesarios para evaluar las auto-percepciones de los estudiantes al volver a la normalidad y comprender los efectos negativos persistentes em el bienestar de los adolescentes.
Palabras clave: Adolescentes; salud auto-percibida; vitalidad; satisfacción con la vida; actividad física; COVID-19.
Abstract. During the COVID-19 pandemic, disruptions to adolescents' routines manifested in increased sedentary behaviors, reduced physical activity (PA), diminished social contacts, and adverse effects on mental health. The study's objective was to analyze and compare adolescents' self-perceptions concerning health, vitality, and life satisfaction based on gender, PA, and education levels during the pandemic's restrictive timeframe before the January 2021 lockdown. A total of 1369 Portuguese students (621 boys and 748 girls; Mage: 14.4 years; SD: 1.74) participated in this study. Group differences were analyzed via ANCOVA, considering age, standardized BMI, socioeconomic status, and daily moderate-to-vigorous PA both pre- and during the pandemic. Only 3.1% of adolescents adhered to international PA guidelines. Results indicated generally low levels of adolescents' health self-perceptions, particularly among girls. The study sheds light on adolescents' self-perceptions of health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the associations between restrictive measures and adolescents' health perceptions and PA levels. Future studies are necessary to assess students' self-perceptions upon returning to normalcy and understand lingering negative effects on adolescents' well-being.
Keywords: Adolescents; self-perceived health; vitality; life satisfaction; physical activity; COVID-19.
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