Orígenes y definición del constructo de alfabetización física: de la comprensión conceptual a la creación colectiva de um referencial europeo (Origins and definition of the physical literacy construct: from conceptual understanding to the collective creation of a European referential)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.97380Palabras clave:
Palabras clave: alfabetización, alfabetización física, educación física, deporte, actividad física, europa.Resumen
La alfabetización física puede contribuir al cambio de las prácticas que valoran y apoyan el acceso equitativo a la salud y la educación. Esta revisión crítica pretende reflexionar sobre los aspectos centrales del proceso de definición del concepto de alfabetización física, desde la comprensión de su origen y carácter filosófico hasta su definición en el contexto europeo, proyectando nuevas oportunidades de investigación, formación y difusión del constructo en el contexto de la Unión Europea, poniendo mayor énfasis en el caso de Portugal. La alfabetización física es entendida como un constructo prometedor en los diferentes países europeos. Por consiguiente, entre 2018 y 2020, se desarrollaron alianzas dentro de la Unión Europea para definir y difundir una referência europea para la alfabetización física. En los últimos ocho años, tres universidades portuguesas han demostrado iniciativas científicas y pedagógicas con el objetivo de establecer el concepto a nivel nacional en el contexto de la educación. La integración del constructo en modelos teóricos y su estudio en contextos y entornos más diversos de la Actividad Física se plantea como una dirección de futuro. El estudio de la alfabetización física es reciente en Portugal (2016), pero ha mostrado avances relevantes evidenciados por la participación del país en proyectos europeos y la publicación de revisiones, estudios conceptuales y empíricos sobre el desarrollo y evaluación de la alfabetización física en el contexto de la educación física. Avanzar en la integración de la alfabetización física de manera más consistente a nivel europeo y nacional implicará en el futuro el desarrollo de estudios de intervención y la promoción de alianzas colaborativas entre los sectores de la educación, deporte y salud.
Palabras clave: alfabetización, alfabetización física, educación física, deporte, actividad física, europa.
Abstract. Physical literacy can contribute to changing practices that value and support equitable access to health and education. This critical review aims to reflect on the central aspects of the process of defining the concept of physical literacy, from understanding its origin and philosophical character to its definition in the European context, projecting new opportunities for research, training and dissemination of the construct in the context of the European Union, placing greater emphasis on the case of Portugal. Physical literacy is understood as a promising construct in different European countries. Consequently, between 2018 and 2020, partnerships were developed within the European Union to define and disseminate a European reference for physical literacy. In the last eight years, three Portuguese universities have demonstrated scientific and pedagogical initiatives with the aim of establishing the concept at the national level in the context of education. The integration of the construct in theoretical models and its study in more diverse contexts and environments of Physical Activity is considered as a direction for the future. The study of physical literacy is recent in Portugal (2016), but it has shown relevant advances evidenced by the country's participation in European projects and the publication of reviews, conceptual and empirical studies on the development and evaluation of physical literacy in the context of physical education. Advancing in the integration of physical literacy in a more consistent manner at a European and national level will imply in the future the development of intervention studies and the promotion of collaborative alliances between the education, sports and health sectors.
Keywords: literacy, physical literacy, physical education, sport, physical activity, Europe.
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