Efectos de 52 semanas de un programa de ejercicio físico sobre la velocidad y fuerza muscular de jugadores rusos de baloncesto de entre 12 a 13 años. Ensayo Controlado Aleatorizado (Effects of 52 weeks of a physical exercise program on the speed and muscle strength of Russian basketball players aged 12 to 13 years. Randomized Controlled Trial)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.106261Palabras clave:
Baloncesto, Rendimiento atlético, Fuerza muscular, NiñoResumen
Objetivos: Analizar los efectos de un programa de 52 semanas de ejercicio físico sobre las manifestaciones de fuerza-velocidad en niños rusos jugadores de baloncesto de entre 12 a 13 años. Métodos. Ensayo controlado, paralelo y aleatorizado con cegado simple llevado a cabo en la escuela secundaria n.°60 de Kirov (Rusia). Los niños rusos jugadores de baloncesto fueron divididos en un grupo control (n = 20) y un grupo experimental (n = 20); Ambos grupos realizaron las lecciones de educación física de acuerdo con el plan de estudios, sin embargo, el grupo experimental además realizo series de ejercicios físicos orientados al desarrollo de la fuerza-velocidad especifica. La valoración de la fuerza-velocidad considero las pruebas salto horizontal, Abalakov jump, 20 metros sprint y 40 segundos de carrera. Resultados: El grupo experimental mejoro las pruebas de salto horizontal (p <0,001; d = 0,08) y vertical (p = 0,01; d = 0,05). En relación con las pruebas de velocidad, ambos grupos mejoraron la capacidad de sprint láctico (p < 0,05 d < 0,2), mientras que la velocidad aláctica solo mejoro significativamente en el grupo control (p = 0.02; d = 3,39). Conclusión: Un programa de 52 semanas con ejercicios físico puede ser eficaz para mejorar la fuerza-velocidad manifestada en niños rusos jugadores de baloncesto de entre 12 a 13 años.
Palabras clave: Baloncesto, Rendimiento atlético, Fuerza muscular, Niño.
Abstract. Objectives: To analyze the effects of a 52-week physical exercise program on strength-speed manifestations in Russian child basketball players between 12 and 13 years old. Methods. Single-blind randomized, parallel, controlled trial conducted at secondary school No. 60 in Kirov, Russia. The Russian basketball-playing children were divided into a control group (n = 20) and an experimental group (n = 20); Both groups performed the physical education lessons according to the curriculum, however, the experimental group also performed series of physical exercises aimed at developing specific strength-speed. The strength-speed assessment considers the horizontal jump, Abalakov jump, 20-meter sprint and 40-second run tests. Results: The experimental group improved the horizontal (p <0.001; d = 0.08) and vertical jump tests (p = 0.01; d = 0.05). In relation to the speed tests, both groups improved lactic sprint capacity (p < 0.05 d < 0.2), while alactic speed only improved significantly in the control group (p = 0.02; d = 3, 39). Conclusion: A 52-week program with physical exercises can be effective in improving the strength-speed manifested in Russian child basketball players between 12 and 13 years old.
Keywords: Basketball, Athletic Performance, Muscle Strength, Child.
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