Efectos de 32 semanas de un programa de entrenamiento físico de fuerza muscular sobre la condición física de niños rusos de entre 14 a 16 años: Ensayo Controlado Aleatorizado (Effects of 32 weeks of a muscular strength physical training program on the physical condition of Rus-sian children aged 14 to 16 years: Randomized Controlled Trial)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105055

Palabras clave:

Aptitud física, Habilidades motoras, Entrenamiento de resistencia, Adolescente

Resumen

Introducción: El entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular ofrece la oportunidad de resolver eficazmente problemas pedagógicos causados por una variedad de actividades motoras. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de un programa de 32 semanas de fuerza muscular sobre estudiantes de entre 14 a 16 años. Métodos: Ensayo controlado, paralelo y aleatorizado con cegado simple. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 40 escolares de 14 a 16 años pertenecientes a la escuela secundaria N.º 1 (Sokolovka, Rusia). Los escolares fueron divididos en un grupo control (n = 20) y un grupo experimental (n = 20); Ambos grupos realizaron las lecciones de educación física de acuerdo con el plan de estudios escolar, sin embargo, el grupo experimental también realizó ejercicios de fuerza muscular. El nivel de fuerza se determinó con pruebas de dinamometría de mano derecha e izquierda, flexoextensiones de brazos (barra y suelo) y elevación de piernas colgantes. Resultados: El grupo experimental mejoro la dinamometría de mano derecha (21,9%; p < 0,05; d = 6,61) e izquierda (14,7%; p < 0,05; d = 4,93), elevación de piernas colgado de una barra (81,4%; p < 0,05; d = 9,09) flexo extensión de brazos en suelo (5,8%; p < 0,05; d = 5,99) y en barra (38,3%; p < 0,05), mientras que el grupo control solo mejoro significativamente la dinamometría de la mano derecha (21,3%; p < 0,05) y la elevación de piernas colgado de una barra (15,1%; p < 0,05; d = 5,76). Conclusión: Una serie de ejercicios de fuerza muscular aplicado durante 32 semanas en las lecciones de educación física escolar pueden mejorar significativamente los niveles de fuerza muscular en niños de 14 a 16 años.

Palabras clave: Aptitud física; Habilidades motoras; Entrenamiento de resistencia; Adolescente.

Abstract. Background: Muscle strength training offers the opportunity to effectively solve pedagogical problems caused by a variety of motor activities. Objective: Analyze the effects of a 32-week muscle strength program on students between 14 and 16 years old. Methods: Controlled, parallel and randomized trial with single blinding. The sample consisted of 40 schoolchildren aged 14 to 16 years belonging to secondary school No. 1 (Sokolovka, Russia). The schoolchildren were divided into a control group (n = 20) and an experimental group (n = 20); Both groups performed physical education lessons according to the school curriculum, however, the experimental group also performed muscle strength exercises. Strength level is determined with right- and left-hand dynamometry tests, arm flexion-extensions (bar and floor), and hanging leg raises. Results: The experimental group improved dynamometry of the right hand (21.9%; p < 0.05; d = 6.61) and left hand (14.7%; p < 0.05; d = 4.93). lifting of legs suspended from a bar (81.4%; p < 0.05; d = 9.09) flexion and extension of arms on the floor (5.8%; p < 0.05; d = 5.99) and on the bar (38.3%; p < 0.05), while the control group only significantly improved the dynamometry of the right hand (21.3%; p < 0.05) and the lifting of legs hanging from a bar (15.1%; p < 0.05; d = 5.76). Conclusion: A series of muscle strength exercises applied for 32 weeks in school physical education lessons can significantly improve muscle strength levels in children aged 14 to 16 years.

Keywords: Physical Fitness; Motor Skills; Resistance Training; Adolescent.

Citas

Barbosa, C. C. L., Romanzini, C. L. P., Batista, M. B., Fernandes, R. A., Romanzini, M., Kemper, H., Coelho-E-Silva, M. J., & Ronque, E. R. V. (2020). Neuromuscular fitness in early life and its impact on bone health in adult-hood: a systematic review. Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo, 38, e2019119. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2019119

Barnett, L. M., Lai, S. K., Veldman, S. L. C., Hardy, L. L., Cliff, D. P., Morgan, P. J., Zask, A., Lubans, D. R., Shultz, S. P., Ridgers, N. D., Rush, E., Brown, H. L., & Okely, A. D. (2016). Correlates of Gross Motor Compe-tence in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports medicine, 46(11), 1663–1688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0495-z

Beckham, G. K., Olmeda, J. J., Flores, A. J., Echeverry, J. A., Campos, A. F., & Kim, S. B. (2018). Relationship Be-tween Maximum Pull-up Repetitions and First Repetition Mean Concentric Velocity. Journal of strength and condi-tioning research, 32(7), 1831–1837. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002431

Chen, M.J., Fan, X., & Moe, S.T. (2002). Criterion-related validity of the Borg ratings of perceived exertion scale in healthy individuals: a meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Science, 20(11):873-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102320761787

Cheng, Y. T. Y., Wong, T. K. S., Tsang, W. W. N., Schooling, C. M., Fong, S. S. M., Fong, D. Y. T., Gao, Y., & Chung, J. W. Y. (2019). Neuromuscular training for children with developmental coordination disorder: A ran-domized controlled trial. Medicine, 98(45), e17946. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000017946

Comité Nacional de Medicina del Deporte Infantojuvenil (2018). Strength training in children and adolescents: bene-fits, risks and recommendations]. Archivos argentinos de pediatria, 116(6), S82–S91. https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2018.s82

Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2011). Developing maximal neuromuscular power: part 2 - training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 41(2), 125–146. https://doi.org/10.2165/11538500-000000000-00000

De Oliveira, V., Arrebola, L., De Oliveira, P., & Yi, L. (2021). Investigation of Muscle Strength, Motor Coordination and Balance in Children with Idiopathic Toe Walking: A Case-control Study. Developmental neurorehabilitation, 24(8), 540–546. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518423.2021.1899326

Dooley, F. L., Kaster, T., Fitzgerald, J. S., Walch, T. J., Annandale, M., Ferrar, K., Lang, J. J., Smith, J. J., & Tom-kinson, G. R. (2020). A Systematic Analysis of Temporal Trends in the Handgrip Strength of 2,216,320 Children and Adolescents Between 1967 and 2017. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 50(6), 1129–1144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01265-0

Drozdowska, A., Jendrusch, G., Platen, P., Lücke, T., Kersting, M., & Sinningen, K. (2022). Dose-Related Effects of Endurance, Strength and Coordination Training on Executive Functions in School-Aged Children: A Systematic Re-view. Children, 9(11), 1651. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9111651

Fuentes-Barría H, Aguilera-Eguía R, & González-Wong C. (2021). Motor skills, physical qualities and sensitive peri-ods in the development schoolchildren. Andes pediátrica, 92(6):983-984. https://doi.org/10.32641/andespediatr.v92i6.4101

Fuentes-Barría, H., Urbano-Cerda, S., Aguilera-Eguía, R., Vera-Aguirre, V., González-Wong, C. (2022). Efectos de 4 semanas de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad sobre el balance autonómico en adultos confinados por COVID-19. Journal of Sport and Health Research. 14(3):503-510.

Han, A., Fu, A., Cobley, S., & Sanders, R. H. (2018). Effectiveness of exercise intervention on improving fundamental movement skills and motor coordination in overweight/obese children and adolescents: A systematic review. Jour-nal of science and medicine in sport, 21(1), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.07.001

Junqueira, D. R., Zorzela, L., Golder, S., Loke, Y., Gagnier, J. J., Julious, S. A., Li, T., Mayo-Wilson, E., Pham, B., Phillips, R., Santaguida, P., Scherer, R. W., Gøtzsche, P. C., Moher, D., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Vohra, S., & CON-SORT Harms Group (2023). CONSORT Harms 2022 statement, explanation, and elaboration: updated guideline for the reporting of harms in randomised trials. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 381, e073725. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-073725

Lebon, F., Collet, C., & Guillot, A. (2010). Benefits of motor imagery training on muscle strength. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 24(6), 1680–1687. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d8e936

Markovic, G., & Mikulic, P. (2010). Neuro-musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyom-etric training. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 40(10), 859–895. https://doi.org/10.2165/11318370-000000000-00000

Marta, C., Marinho, D. A., Barbosa, T. M., Izquierdo, M., & Marques, M. C. (2013). Effects of concurrent training on explosive strength and VO(2max) in prepubescent children. International journal of sports medicine, 34(10), 888–896. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1333695

Merino-Andrés, J., García de Mateos-López, A., Damiano, D. L., & Sánchez-Sierra, A. (2022). Effect of muscle strength training in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical rehabilitation, 36(1), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/02692155211040199

Myer, G. D., Jayanthi, N., Difiori, J. P., Faigenbaum, A. D., Kiefer, A. W., Logerstedt, D., & Micheli, L. J. (2015). Sport Specialization, Part I: Does Early Sports Specialization Increase Negative Outcomes and Reduce the Oppor-tunity for Success in Young Athletes?. Sports health, 7(5), 437–442. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738115598747

Kainov, A.N., & Kuryerova, G.I. (2019). Working programs. Physical Culture. Grades 1-11. Comprehensive program of physical education of schoolchildren. Russia.

Kemper, H. C., Twisk, J. W., van Mechelen, W., Post, G. B., Roos, J. C., & Lips, P. (2000). A fifteen-year longitudi-nal study in young adults on the relation of physical activity and fitness with the development of the bone mass: The Amsterdam Growth And Health Longitudinal Study. Bone, 27(6), 847–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(00)00397-5

Kim, H. H., An, J. I., & Park, Y. R. (2021). A Prediction Model for Detecting Developmental Disabilities in Pre-school-Age Children Through Digital Biomarker-Driven Deep Learning in Serious Games: Development Study. JMIR serious games, 9(2), e23130. https://doi.org/10.2196/23130

Owen, C., Till, K., Weakley, J., & Jones, B. (2020). Testing methods and physical qualities of male age grade rugby union players: A systematic review. PloS one, 15(6), e0233796. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233796

Pichardo, A. W., Oliver, J. L., Harrison, C. B., Maulder, P. S., Lloyd, R. S., & Kandoi, R. (2019). Effects of Com-bined Resistance Training and Weightlifting on Motor Skill Performance of Adolescent Male Athletes. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 33(12), 3226–3235. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003108

Polevoy, G., Fuentes-Barría, H., Aguilera Eguia, R., Maureira Sánchez, J., Garrido-Osorio, V., &Urbano-Cerda, S. (2024). Efectos de 32 semanas de un programa físico con balón sobre las cualidades físicas en niños rusos de entre 9 a 10 años. Estudio cuasiexperimental no aleatorizado. Retos, 52, 240–245. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.101547

Seo, Y. G., Lim, H., Kim, Y., Ju, Y. S., Choi, Y. J., Lee, H. J., Jang, H. B., Park, S. I., & Park, K. H. (2021). Effects of circuit training or a nutritional intervention on body mass index and other cardiometabolic outcomes in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. PloS one, 16(1), e0245875. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245875

Sharma, M., & Nahar, V. K. (2018). Promoting physical activity in upper elementary children using multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 59(4), E267–E276. https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2018.59.4.847

Stricker, P. R., Faigenbaum, A. D., McCambridge, T. M., & COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS (2020). Resistance Training for Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics, 145(6), e20201011. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-1011

Ten Hoor, G. A., Rutten, G. M., Van Breukelen, G. J. P., Kok, G., Ruiter, R. A. C., Meijer, K., Kremers, S. P. J., Feron, F. J. M., Crutzen, R., Schols, A. M. J. W., & Plasqui, G. (2018). Strength exercises during physical educa-tion classes in secondary schools improve body composition: a cluster randomized controlled trial. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 15(1), 92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-018-0727-8

Tokizawa, K., Mizuno, M., Hayashi, N., & Muraoka, I. (2006). Cardiovascular responses to static extension and flex-ion of arms and legs. European journal of applied physiology, 97(2), 249–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-006-0186-9

Wilder, R. P., Greene, J. A., Winters, K. L., Long, W. B., 3rd, Gubler, K., & Edlich, R. F. (2006). Physical fitness assessment: an update. Journal of long-term effects of medical implants, 16(2), 193–204. https://doi.org/10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.v16.i2.90

World Medical Association (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191–2194. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281053

Yu, J. J., Burnett, A. F., & Sit, C. H. (2018). Motor Skill Interventions in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 99(10), 2076–2099.

Descargas

Publicado

2024-06-01

Cómo citar

Polevoy, G., Fuentes-Barría, H., & Aguilera Eguia, R. . (2024). Efectos de 32 semanas de un programa de entrenamiento físico de fuerza muscular sobre la condición física de niños rusos de entre 14 a 16 años: Ensayo Controlado Aleatorizado (Effects of 32 weeks of a muscular strength physical training program on the physical condition of Rus-sian children aged 14 to 16 years: Randomized Controlled Trial). Retos, 55, 1038–1044. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105055

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a

1 2 > >>