Prevalence of malnutrition by excess and anthropometric changes associated with cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren from public schools belonging to the south-central zone of Chile with a high rural density and low income
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.92405Keywords:
childhood obesity, metabolic syndrome, BMI, children, adolescents, abdominal obesityAbstract
The Aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of overweight and the anthropometric changes associated with cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren belonging to public schools in a south-central area of Chile. Material and method: The research was descriptive, cross-sectional in a sample of 884 preschoolers and primary and secondary school students (472 men [53.39%] and 412 women [46.61%]) from the commune of San Ignacio, Ñuble. Statistical analyzes included prevalence according to sociodemographic characteristics and segmented regressions for changes associated with age in anthropometric variables of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The Results show that the prevalence of overweight according to BMI corresponds to 49.55% of the total population evaluated, while the result of the segmented regression identified that the changes by age for BMI, WC and WHtR differ according to sex and nutritional status. In Conclusion, In Conclusion, the prevalence of overweight according to BMI corresponds to 49.55% of the total population evaluated, while the WHtR and WC ratio shows that 3 out of 10 schoolchildren present cardiometabolic risk. We also found that anthropometric changes in BMI, WC and WHtR differ by sex and nutritional status, increasing the differences by age and between normal weight and overweight students.
References
Browning, L. M., Hsieh, S. D., & Ashwell, M. (2010). A systematic review of waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool for the prediction of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: 05 could be a suitable global boundary value (Vol. 23, Issue 2, pp. 247–269). Nutr Res Rev. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422410000144
Burrows A, R., Díaz S, N., & Muzzo, S. (2004). Variations of body mass index (BMI) according to degree of pubertal development. Revista Medica de Chile, 132(11), 1363–1368. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872004001100004
Burrows, R., Correa-Burrows, P., Reyes, M., Blanco, E., Albala, C., & Gahagan, S. (2016). High cardiometabolic risk in healthy Chilean adolescents: Associations with anthropometric, biological and lifestyle factors. Public Health Nutrition, 19(3), 486–493. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980015001585
Correa-Burrows, P., Rodriguez, Y., Blanco, E., Gahagan, S., & Burrows, R. (2018). Increased adiposity as a potential risk factor for lower academic performance: A cross-sectional study in chilean adolescents from low-to-middle socioeconomic background. Nutrients, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091133
Di Cesare, M., Sorić, M., Bovet, P., Miranda, J. J., Bhutta, Z., Stevens, G. A., Laxmaiah, A., Kengne, A. P., & Bentham, J. (2019). The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood: A worldwide epidemic requiring urgent action. In BMC Medicine (Vol. 17, Issue 1, pp. 1–20). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1449-8
Dwivedi, A. K., Dubey, P., Cistola, D. P., & Reddy, S. Y. (2020). Association Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Updated Evidence from Meta-analysis Studies. In Current Cardiology Reports (Vol. 22, Issue 4). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-020-1273-y
East, P., Delker, E., Blanco, E., Lozoff, B., Correa, P., Burrows, R., & Gahagan, S. (2020). BMI Trajectories from Birth to 23 Years by Cardiometabolic Risks in Young Adulthood. Obesity, 28(4), 813–821. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22754
Espinoza-Navarro, O., & Brito-Hernández, L. (2020). Morphological patterns associated with metabolic risk factors in the adolescent school population. International Journal of Morphology, 38(6), 1645–1650. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022020000601645
Friend, A., Craig, L., & Turner, S. (2013). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children: A systematic review of the literature. In Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders (Vol. 11, Issue 2, pp. 71–80). Metab Syndr Relat Disord. https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2012.0122
Huerta, S. L., Rovira, J. V. M., Tovilla, Y. M., & Aguilar, J. H. E. M. (2021). Revisión de la obesidad como concepto científico (Obesity review as a scientific concept). Retos, 42, 365–374. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V42I0.87555
Ibarra-Mora, J., Herrera-Rubilar, D., Carrasco, S., Henríquez, P., Ojeda, N., & Castro, J. (2020). Condición física y nutricional de estudiantes de 7o A 4o medio de establecimientos municipales de la comuna de El Carmen – Región de Ñuble, Chile. Revista Horizonte Ciencias de La Actividad Física, 11(1), 1–12. http://revistahorizonte.ulagos.cl/index.php/horizonte/article/view/173
Iglesias, Á., Planells, E., Molina López, J., Alonso, B., & Tobar, U. (2019). Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, hábitos alimentarios y actividad física y su relación sobre el rendimiento académico (Prevalence of overweight and obesity, exercise, and dietary habits, and their relation with academic achievement). Retos, 36(36), 167–173. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V36I36.66873
Iguacel, I., Gasch-Gallén, Á., Ayala-Marín, A. M., De Miguel-Etayo, P., & Moreno, L. A. (2021). Social vulnerabilities as risk factor of childhood obesity development and their role in prevention programs. In International Journal of Obesity (Vol. 45, Issue 1, pp. 1–11). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-020-00697-y
Jia, P., Dai, S., Rohli, K. E., Rohli, R. V., Ma, Y., Yu, C., Pan, X., & Zhou, W. (2021). Natural environment and childhood obesity: A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 22(S1), e13097. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13097
JUNAEB. (2020). Mapa nutricional 2020. https://www.junaeb.cl/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/MapaNutricional2020_.pdf
Le-Cerf Paredes, L., Valdés-Badilla, P., & Muñoz, E. G. (2022). Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la condición física en niños y niñas con sobrepeso y obesidad: una revisión sistemática (Effects of strength training on the fitness in boys and girls with overweight and obesity: a systematic review). Retos, 43, 233–242. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V43I0.87756
Lichtenauer, M., Wheatley, S. D., Martyn-St James, M., Duncan, M. J., Cobayashi, F., Berg, G., Musso, C., Graffigna, M., Soutelo, J., Bovet, P., Kollias, A., Stergiou, G. S., Grammatikos, E., Griffiths, C., Ingle, L., & Jung, C. (2018). Efficacy of anthropometric measures for identifying cardiovascular disease risk in adolescents: Review and meta-analysis. In Minerva Pediatrica (Vol. 70, Issue 4, pp. 371–382). Edizioni Minerva Medica. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4946.18.05175-7
MINSAL. (2016). Norma para la evaluación nutricional de niños, niñas y adolescentes de 5 años a 19 años de edad. https://www.previenesalud.cl/assets/PDF/normas/2016-norma-evaluacion-nutricional.pdf
Oria, H. M., Luisa, M., Sánchez, Z., Molero López-Barajas, D., & Carrillo Aguilera, S. (2012). Prevención de la obesidad infantil a través de una motivación intrínseca hacia la práctica de actividad física (Prevention of childhood obesity through motivation to physical activity). Retos, 22(22), 49–52. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V0I22.34584
Pereira, A., Busch, A. S., Solares, F., Baier, I., Corvalan, C., & Mericq, V. (2021). Total and Central Adiposity Are Associated With Age at Gonadarche and Incidence of Precocious Gonadarche in Boys. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 106(5), 1352–1361. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab064
R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org/.
Registro Social de Hogares. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2021, from http://www.registrosocial.gob.cl/que-es#top
Reinehr, T. (2018). Long-term effects of adolescent obesity: Time to act. In Nature Reviews Endocrinology (Vol. 14, Issue 3, pp. 183–188). Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2017.147
Sapunar, J., Aguilar-Farías, N., Navarro, J., Araneda, G., Chandia-Poblete, D., Manríquez, V., Brito, R., & Cerda, A. (2018). High prevalence of overweight, obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in rural children and adolescents. Revista Medica de Chile, 146(9), 978–986. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872018000900978
Stewart, A., Marfell-Jones, M., Olds. T., & De Ridder, H. (2011). International standards for anthropometric assessment (Third edition). Lower Hutt, . https://www.worldcat.org/title/international-standards-for-anthropometric-assessment-2011/oclc/891701415
Vasquez, F., Correa-Burrows, P., Blanco, E., Gahagan, S., & Burrows, R. (2019). A waist-to-height ratio of 0.54 is a good predictor of metabolic syndrome in 16-year-old male and female adolescents. Pediatric Research, 85(3), 269–274. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-018-0257-8
Vito M. R. Muggeo. (2008). segmented: an R Package to Fit Regression Models with Broken-Line Relationships. (pp. 20–25). R News.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Andrea Medina-Morales, María Navarrete-Escalona, Rodrigo Moraga-Muñoz, Yesenia Olate-Pastén, Eduardo Gutiérrez-Turner, Gustavo Pavez-Adasme, Alixon Reyes-Rodríguez, Nicolás Gómez-Álvarez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
