Efectos de programas de ejercicio físico basados en un entorno escolar para mejorar el disfrute de la actividad física, desarrollo motor y condición física en niños y adolescentes con trastorno del desarrollo de la coordinación: Una revisión sistemática (Effects of school-based physical exercise programs to improve enjoyment of physical activity, motor development, and physical fitness in children and adolescents with developmental coordination disorder: A systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.92305Palabras clave:
trastorno del desarrollo; actividad física; programa; escuela.Resumen
Objetivo: La finalidad de esta revisión sistemática es valorar la efectividad de las intervenciones de programas de ejercicio físico basados en el entorno escolar para promover el disfrute de la actividad física, desarrollo motor y condición física en niños y adolescentes con trastorno del desarrollo de la coordinación. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de acuerdo con las directrices de PRISMA, utilizando el modelo PICOS para los criterios de elegibilidad, los participantes debían ser niños y adolescentes con trastorno del desarrollo de la coordinación pertenecientes a un centro educativo, las intervenciones de actividad física y/o deportivas debían ser realizadas en el ámbito escolar, los resultados debían mostrar grado satisfacción a la actividad física del programa, condición física o rendimiento motor. Se incluyeron en la revisión estudios experimentales de pre y post test. Resultados: Un total de 7 artículos fueron incluidos, con un total de 184 participantes. Se identificaron distintos tipos de intervenciones basado en entrenamiento de fuerza, entrenamiento de múltiples componentes y basados en videojuegos con la Nintendo Wii (aeróbicos y yoga). Los resultados mostraron ser efectivos para la percepción de disfrute y satisfacción a la actividad física, en el desarrollo motor y la condición física de los participantes. Conclusiones: Los programas de intervención basados en el entorno escolar pueden aumentar el disfrute, las habilidades motrices y la condición física de niños con trastorno del desarrollo de la coordinación.
Palabras Clave: Infancia; Escolares; Trastornos del neurodesarrollo; Habilidades motrices.
Abstract. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of school-based physical exercise program interventions to promote the enjoyment of physical activity, motor development and physical fitness in children and adolescents with developmental coordination disorder. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, using the PICOS model for eligibility criteria, participants had to be children and adolescents with developmental coordination disorder belonging to an educational center, physical activity and/or sports interventions had to be performed in the school setting, results had to show satisfaction with the physical activity and/or program, physical fitness or motor performance. Experimental pre- and post-test studies were included in the review. Results: A total of 7 articles were included, with a total of 184 participants. Different types of interventions were identified based on strength training, multi-component training and video game-based training with the Nintendo Wii (aerobics and yoga). The results showed to be effective for perceived enjoyment and satisfaction to physical activity, motor development and physical fitness of the participants. Conclusions: Intervention programs based in the school environment can increase enjoyment, motor skills and physical fitness in children with developmental coordination disorder.
Keywords: Childhood; Schoolchildren; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Motor skills.
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