Relación de la composición corporal, las cualidades físicas y funciones cognitivas en estudiantes de educación física (Relation between body composition, physical qualities, and cognitive function in students of physical education)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v36i36.67496Keywords:
antropometría, cognición, fuerza, capacidad aeróbica, educación física (anthropometry, cognition, force, aerobic capacity, physical education)Abstract
Existen resultados controversiales sobre la relación de la antropometría, las cualidades físicas y el rendimiento en pruebas cognitivas. En tanto, algunos trabajos muestran relación entre el IMC, el porcentaje de grasa o la capacidad aeróbica con la atención, memoria o control inhibitorio, otros no muestran relaciones significativas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue relacionar la composición corporal, las cualidades físicas, la inteligencia, la atención y la memoria en una muestra constituida por 125 estudiantes que cursan la carrera de pedagogía en educación física. Al total de la muestra se le evalúo las cualidades físicas y funciones cognitivas y a 50 estudiantes se les realizó el estudio antropométrico. Los resultados no muestran diferencias en los resultados de las funciones cognitivas según sexo, pero los varones presentan mayores índices en las cualidades físicas, en masa muscular y en diámetros antropométricos, y las damas presentan mayores índices en pliegues cutáneos. También se encontraron relaciones bajas entre la potencia de brazos y piernas con la inteligencia y la atención sostenida, en tanto, la memoria y la atención selectiva no presentaron relación con ninguna de las variables físicas evaluadas. Estos resultados son similares a otras investigaciones antropométricas y de cualidades físicas en estudiantes de educación física. La relación con variables cognitivas es coherente con trabajos anteriores, asumiendo que una mejor condición física permite una mejor irrigación sanguínea, aumento de la vascularización, neurogénesis y sinaptogénesis, lo cual puede influenciar en la mejora en pruebas cognitivas.
Abstract. Controversial results are shown on the relation between anthropometry, physical qualities, and performance in cognitive tests. While some works pinpoint the relation of BMI, percentage of fat, or aerobic capacity with attention, memory, or inhibitory control, others do not find significant relations. The aim of the present study was to relate body composition, physical qualities, intelligence, attention, and memory. The sample was constituted by 125 students enrolled in the undergraduate program of pedagogy in physical education. Physical qualities and cognitive functions were assessed in the whole sample, whereas 50 students also carried out anthropometric evaluations. No differences were found in cognitive function by gender; however, males presented higher indexes in physical qualities, in muscular mass, and in anthropometric diameters, whereas females presented higher indexes in cutaneous folds. Also, low relations were found between arm and leg power and intelligence and supported attention, whilst memory and selective attention did not show any relation with any of the physical variables evaluated. Our outcomes are similar to those from previous research on anthropometry and physical qualities in students of physical education. The relation with cognitive variables is coherent with previous works, assuming that a better physical condition allows a better blood irrigation, increase of the vascularization, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, which can determine an improvement in cognitive test performance.
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