Motor self-efficacy, self-concept and BMI in Physical Education adolescents for optimal physical and mental health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.106979Keywords:
españolAbstract
As society progresses, physical activity is becoming increasingly important for mental and physical health. Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles are epidemic among young people, and cases of obesity and other noncommunicable diseases are on the rise, affecting the physical and mental health of young people. For this reason, this study investigated the associations between self-concept, motor self-efficacy and Body Mass Index (BMI) as a function of sex and school location. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to apply non-parametric tests, Spearman's Rho for correlations between self-concept and motor self-efficacy and BMI, in addition to a regression test and, finally, Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed significant associations between PA-5 and AEM, particularly in the physical dimension. As for BMI, the correlation was inverse and significant only in boys and urban settings. These concepts can have an impact on the adoption of healthy practices at both the individual and community levels, contributing to health promotion and maintenance. The interaction of these elements is complex and diverse, and addressing them appropriately can have a significant impact on the overall health of the individual and society as a whole.
Keywords: physical education; motor self-efficacy; self-concept; physical fitness; health; physical education
References
Ahadzadeh, A. S., Rafik-Galea, S., Alavi, M., y Amini, M. (2018). Relationship between body mass index, body image, and fear of negative evaluation: Moderating role of self-esteem. Health Psychology Open, 5(1), 2055102918774251. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102918774251
Balsalobre, F. J. B., Sánchez, G. F. L., y Suárez, A. D. (2014). Relationships between physical fitness and physical self-concept in Spanish adolescents. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 132, 343–350.
Baniasadi, T., Ranjbari, S., Mofrad, S. K., y Dana, A. (2022). Associations between device-measured physical activity and balance performance in children: Mediating role of motor self-efficacy. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 14(1), 252–258. https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2022-0031
Carissimi, A., Adan, A., Tonetti, L., Fabbri, M., Hidalgo, M. P., Levandovski, R., Natale, V., y Martoni, M. (2017). Phys-ical self-efficacy is associated to body mass index in schoolchildren. Jornal de Pediatria, 93(1), 64–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2016.04.011
Codella, R., Puci, M. V., Vandoni, M., Correale, L., Galvani, C., Togni, F., Casolo, F., Passi, A., Orizio, C., Alberti, G., Esposito, F., Montomoli, C., y Torre, A. L. (2020). School self-efficacy is affected by gender and motor skills: Findings from an Italian study. PeerJ, 8. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8949
Craven, R. G., y Marsh, H. W. (2008). The centrality of the self-concept construct for psychological wellbeing and un-locking human potential: Implications for child and educational psychologists. Educational and Child Psychology, 25(2), 104–118. https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2008.25.2.104
Ercan, T. M. F., y Özcebe, L. H. (2020). Relations of self-esteem, obesity and peer bullying among middle school stu-dents in Turkey. European Journal of Public Health, 30(Supplement_5), ckaa166.936. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.936
Ertl, B., Luttenberger, S., y Paechter, M. (2017). The Impact of Gender Stereotypes on the Self-Concept of Female Stu-dents in STEM Subjects with an Under-Representation of Females. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00703
Farris, S. G., y Abrantes, A. M. (2020). Mental health benefits from lifestyle physical activity interventions: A systematic review. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 84(4), 337–372. https://doi.org/10.1521/bumc.2020.84.4.337
Fernández-Bustos, J. G., Infantes-Paniagua, Á., Cuevas, R., y Contreras, O. R. (2019). Effect of Physical Activity on Self-Concept: Theoretical Model on the Mediation of Body Image and Physical Self-Concept in Adolescents. Frontiers in Psy-chology, 10. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01537
Fitzgerald, S. A., Fitzgerald, H. T., Fitzgerald, N. M., Fitzgerald, T. R., y Fitzgerald, D. A. (2022). Somatic, psychological and economic benefits of regular physical activity beginning in childhood. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 58(2), 238–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.15879
García, J. F., Musitu, G., Riquelme, E., y Riquelme, P. (2011). A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the “Autoconcepto Forma 5” Questionnaire in Young Adults from Spain and Chile. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14(2), 648–658. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n2.13
García-Hermoso, A., Ramírez-Campillo, R., y Izquierdo, M. (2019). Is Muscular Fitness Associated with Future Health Benefits in Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. Sports Medicine, 49(7), 1079–1094. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01098-6
Garn, A. C., Morin, A. J. S., White, R. L., Owen, K. B., Donley, W., y Lonsdale, C. (2020). Moderate-to-vigorous physi-cal activity as a predictor of changes in physical self-concept in adolescents. Health Psychology, 39(3), 190–198. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000815
Gourlan, M. J., Trouilloud, D. O., y Sarrazin, P. G. (2011). Interventions promoting physical activity among obese popu-lations: A meta-analysis considering global effect, long-term maintenance, physical activity indicators and dose charac-teristics. Obesity Reviews, 12(7), e633–e645. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00874.x
Han, S., Li, B., Wang, G., Ke, Y., Meng, S., Li, Y., Cui, Z., y Tong, W. (2022). Physical Fitness, Exercise Behaviors, and Sense of Self-Efficacy Among College Students: A Descriptive Correlational Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.932014
Haugen, T., Ommundsen, Y., y Seiler, S. (2013). The relationship between physical activity and physical self-esteem in adolescents: The role of physical fitness indices. Pediatric Exercise Science, 25(1), 138–153. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.25.1.138
Hernández-Álvarez, J. L., Velázquez-Buendía, R., Eugenia, M., y Garoz-Puerta, I. (2011). Self-efficacy Motor scale: Psychometric properties And the results of its application to the spanish School population. Revista de Psicologia del De-porte, 20(1), 13–28.
Hur, Y.-M. (2005). Genetic and environmental influences on self-concept in female preadolescent twins: Comparison of Minnesota and Seoul data. Twin Research and Human Genetics: The Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Stud-ies, 8(4), 291–299. https://doi.org/10.1375/1832427054936772
Jacobs, M. (2019). Adolescent Health Behaviors Predict Adult Success. Journal of Obesity and Nutritional Disorders. https://www.gavinpublishers.com/article/view/adolescent-health-behaviors-predict-adult-success
Jylänki, P., Mbay, T., Hakkarainen, A., Sääkslahti, A., y Aunio, P. (2022). The effects of motor skill and physical activity interventions on preschoolers’ cognitive and academic skills: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 155, 106948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106948
Kanuka, y Anderson, T. (2002). e-Research: Methods, Strategies and Issues.
Latino, F., Cataldi, S., Bonavolontà, V., Carvutto, R., De Candia, M., y Fischetti, F. (2021). The Influence of Physical Education on Self-Efficacy in Overweight Schoolgirls: A 12-Week Training Program. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.693244
Mak, K.-K., Pang, J. S., Lai, C.-M., y Ho, R. C. (2013). Body esteem in Chinese adolescents: Effect of gender, age, and weight. Journal of Health Psychology, 18(1), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105312437264
Martín-Quintana, J. C., Alemán-Ramos, P. F., y Morales-Almeida, P. (2023). The Influence of Perceived Security in Childhood on Adult Self-Concept: The Mediating Role of Resilience and Self-Esteem. Healthcare, 11(17), 2435. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172435
Meland, E., Breidablik, H. J., Thuen, F., y Samdal, G. B. (2021). How body concerns, body mass, self-rated health and self-esteem are mutually impacted in early adolescence: A longitudinal cohort study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 496. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10553-x
Mendo-Lázaro, S., Polo-del-Río, M. I., Amado-Alonso, D., Iglesias-Gallego, D., y León-del-Barco, B. (2017). Self-Concept in Childhood: The Role of Body Image and Sport Practice. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 853. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00853
Mondragón-Barrera, M. A. (2014). Use of the correlation Spearman in a study of ontervention in physiotherapy. Movimien-to Científico, 8(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.33881/2011-7191.mct.08111
Montgomery Sklar, E. (2017). Body Image, Weight, and Self-Concept in Men. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 11(3), 252–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827615594351
Montoya-Londoño, D. M., Dussán-Lubert, C., Pinilla-Sepúlveda, V. E., y Puente-Ferreras, A. (2019). Estandarización de la Escala de autoconcepto AF5 en estudiantes universitarios colombianos. Ansiedad y Estrés, 25(2), 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anyes.2019.06.001
Morales-Sánchez, V., Hernández-Martos, J., Reigal, R. E., Morillo-Baro, J. P., Caballero-Cerbán, M., y Hernández-Mendo, A. (2021). Physical Self-Concept and Motor Self-Efficacy Are Related to Satisfaction/Enjoyment and Bore-dom in Physical Education Classes. Sustainability, 13(16), Article 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168829
Neuman, M., Kawachi, I., Gortmaker, S., y Subramanian, S. V. (2013). Urban-rural differences in BMI in low- and mid-dle-income countries: The role of socioeconomic status123. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97(2), 428–436. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.045997
Núñez, J. L., Leon, J., Valero-Valenzuela, A., Conte, L., Moreno-Murcia, J. A., y Huéscar, E. (2021). Influence of Physi-cal Self-Concept and Motivational Processes on Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity of Adolescents. Frontiers in Psy-chology, 12. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685612
Nunnally, J. C., y Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/11061
Olander, E. K., Fletcher, H., Williams, S., Atkinson, L., Turner, A., y French, D. P. (2013). What are the most effective techniques in changing obese individuals’ physical activity self-efficacy and behaviour: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-29
Ouyang, Y., Wang, K., Zhang, T., Peng, L., Song, G., y Luo, J. (2020). The Influence of Sports Participation on Body Image, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem in College Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03039
Palomäki, S., Hirvensalo, M., Smith, K., Raitakari, O., Männistö, S., Hutri-Kähönen, N., y Tammelin, T. (2018). Does organized sport participation during youth predict healthy habits in adulthood? A 28-year longitudinal study. Scandina-vian Journal of Medicine y Science in Sports, 28(8), 1908–1915. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13205
Park, J. H., Moon, J. H., Kim, H. J., Kong, M. H., y Oh, Y. H. (2020). Sedentary Lifestyle: Overview of Updated Evi-dence of Potential Health Risks. Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 41(6), 365–373. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0165
Pelletier, C. A., White, N., Duchesne, A., y Sluggett, L. (2021). Barriers to physical activity for adults in rural and urban Canada: A cross-sectional comparison. SSM - Population Health, 16, 100964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100964
Regis, M. F., de Oliveira, L. M. F. T., dos Santos, A. R. M., Leonidio, A. da C. R., Diniz, P. R. B., y de Freitas, C. M. S. M. (2016). Urban versus rural lifestyle in adolescents: Associations between environment, physical activity levels and sedentary behavior. Einstein, 14(4), 461–467. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-45082016AO3788
Rey, O., Vallier, J.-M., Nicol, C., Mercier, C.-S., y Maïano, C. (2017). Effects of Combined Vigorous Interval Training Program and Diet on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Physical Self-Perceptions Among Obese Adolescent Boys and Girls. Pediatric Exercise Science, 29(1), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2016-0105
Salkind, N. J. (1999). Métodos de investigación. Pearson educación.
Schluchter, T., Nagel, S., Valkanover, S., y Eckhart, M. (2023). Correlations between motor competencies, physical activ-ity and self-concept in children with intellectual disabilities in inclusive education. Journal of Applied Research in Intellec-tual Disabilities, 36(5), 1054–1066. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.13115
Schmalz, D. L., y Davison, K. K. (2006). Differences in Physical Self-concept Among Pre-Adolescents Who Participate in Gender-Typed and Cross-Gendered Sports. Journal of Sport Behavior, 29(4), 335–352.
Schmidt, M., Blum, M., Valkanover, S., y Conzelmann, A. (2015). Motor ability and self-esteem: The mediating role of physical self-concept and perceived social acceptance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 17, 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.11.006
Sonstroem, R. J., y Morgan, W. P. (1989). Exercise and self-esteem: Rationale and model. Medicine y Science in Sports y Exercise, 21, 329–337. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198906000-00018
Spruit, A., Assink, M., van Vugt, E., van der Put, C., y Stams, G. J. (2016). The effects of physical activity interventions on psychosocial outcomes in adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 45, 56–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.006
van Sluijs, E. M. F., Ekelund, U., Crochemore-Silva, I., Guthold, R., Ha, A., Lubans, D., Oyeyemi, A. L., Ding, D., y Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2021). Physical activity behaviours in adolescence: Current evidence and opportunities for inter-vention. Lancet (London, England), 398(10298), 429–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01259-9
Voges, M. M., Giabbiconi, C.-M., Schöne, B., Waldorf, M., Hartmann, A. S., y Vocks, S. (2019). Gender Differences in Body Evaluation: Do Men Show More Self-Serving Double Standards Than Women? Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00544
Warburton, D. E. R., y Bredin, S. S. D. (2017). Health benefits of physical activity: A systematic review of current system-atic reviews. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 32(5), 541. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0000000000000437
Whitfield, G. P. (2019). Trends in Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines Among Urban and Rural Dwelling Adults—United States, 2008–2017. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 68. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6823a1
World Health Organization. (2019). New WHO-led study says majority of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently physically active. https://www.who.int/news/item/22-11-2019-new-who-led-study-says-majority-of-adolescents-worldwide-are-not-sufficiently-physically-active-putting-their-current-and-future-health-at-risk
World Health Organization. (2023). Non communicable diseases: Keyfactors. Non Communicable Disease. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
