Análisis del salto vertical, índice de esfuerzo percibido, dolor muscular de aparición tardía y potencia muscular máxima en jóvenes futbolistas brasileños sometidos a entrenamiento pliométrico y entrenamiento de semi sentadillas con pesas (Analysis of vertical jump, rating of perceived exertion, delayed-onset muscle soreness, and muscular peak power in young male Brazilian football players submitted to plyometric and semi-squat training with weights)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94085

Palabras clave:

entrenamiento pliométrico, fuerza muscular, salto vertical, dolor muscular de aparición tardía, fútbol

Resumen

Este estudio analizó los efectos del entrenamiento pliométrico y de semi sentadillas con pesas sobre el salto vertical (SV), el índice de esfuerzo percibido (IEP), el dolor muscular de aparición tardía (DMAT) y la potencia máxima muscular absoluta (PMMA) y relativa (PMMR) en hombres jóvenes jugadores de futbol. Veinticinco participantes se dividieron aleatoriamente en un grupo de entrenamiento de semi sentadillas con pesas (GESSP), un grupo de entrenamiento pliométrico (GEP) y grupo de control (GC). El SV fue analizado con una plataforma de salto computarizada. DMAT y IEP con la Escala Analógica Visual de Borg (EAVB) y la Escala de Borg Adaptada (EBA), respectivamente. GESSP mostró mejoras (p < 0,05) en salto con contramovimiento (SCM), sentadilla con salto (SC), PMMA (3190,67 ± 338,49 W) y PMMR (47,75 ± 5,01 W/kg). GEP mostró mejoras (p < 0,05) en SC. En las comparaciones intragrupo, GESSP, GEP y CG mostraron un aumento (p < 0,05) en IEP y DMAT. Entre grupos, GEP presentó un aumento (p < 0,05) en IEP y DMAT en comparación con GESSP y CG. SCM presentó fuertes correlaciones entre PMMA y SJ, IEP y SV, y PMMA y PMMR. SC mostró una mayor correlación positiva entre todas las variables físicas. Solo GESSP promovió un incremento en ambos tipos de saltos, con mayor PMMA y PMMR y menor IEP y DMAT. 

Abstract. This study analyzed the effects of plyometric and strength training on vertical jump (VJ), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and absolute (APP) and relative (RPP) muscle peak power in young male football players. Twenty-five participants were randomly divided into semi-squat training group (SSTG), plyometric training group (PTG), and control group (CG). The duration of the intervention was six weeks. VJ was analyzed with a computerized jumping platform. DOMS and RPE with the Borg’s Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Adapted Borg Scale (ABS), respectively. The SSTG showed improvements (p < 0.05) in countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), APP (3190.67 ± 338.49 W), and RPP (47.75 ± 5.01 W/kg). PTG showed improvements (p < 0.05) in SJ. In the intragroup comparations, SSTG, PTG, and CG showed an increase (p < 0.05) in RPE and DOMS. Between groups, PTG presented an increase (p < 0.05) on RPE and DOMS compared with SSTG and CG. CMJ presented strong correlations between APP and VJ, RPP, and VJ, and APP and RPP. SJ showed a higher positive correlation between all the physical variables. Only SSTG promoted an increase in both types of jumps, with a greater APP and RPP and a lower RPE and DOMS.

Biografía del autor/a

Juliana Brandão Pinto de Castro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte (PPGCEE), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)

Licenciatura Plena em Educação Física pela Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Doutorado em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte (PPGCEE/UERJ). Mestre em Alimentação, Nutrição e Saúde (Instituto de Nutrição/UERJ). Professora do Departamento de Ciências da Atividade Física (DCAF), do Instituto de Educação Física e Desportos (IEFD/UERJ).

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Publicado

2022-09-28

Cómo citar

Fonseca, R. T., Lopes, G. C., Castro, J. B. P. de, Santos, L. A. V. dos, Lima, B. L. P., Oliveira Filho, G. R. de, Nunes, R. de A. M., & Vale, R. G. de S. (2022). Análisis del salto vertical, índice de esfuerzo percibido, dolor muscular de aparición tardía y potencia muscular máxima en jóvenes futbolistas brasileños sometidos a entrenamiento pliométrico y entrenamiento de semi sentadillas con pesas (Analysis of vertical jump, rating of perceived exertion, delayed-onset muscle soreness, and muscular peak power in young male Brazilian football players submitted to plyometric and semi-squat training with weights). Retos, 46, 613–621. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94085

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