Análisis del salto vertical, índice de esfuerzo percibido, dolor muscular de aparición tardía y potencia muscular máxima en jóvenes futbolistas brasileños sometidos a entrenamiento pliométrico y entrenamiento de semi sentadillas con pesas (Analysis of vertical jump, rating of perceived exertion, delayed-onset muscle soreness, and muscular peak power in young male Brazilian football players submitted to plyometric and semi-squat training with weights)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94085Palabras clave:
entrenamiento pliométrico, fuerza muscular, salto vertical, dolor muscular de aparición tardía, fútbolResumen
Este estudio analizó los efectos del entrenamiento pliométrico y de semi sentadillas con pesas sobre el salto vertical (SV), el índice de esfuerzo percibido (IEP), el dolor muscular de aparición tardía (DMAT) y la potencia máxima muscular absoluta (PMMA) y relativa (PMMR) en hombres jóvenes jugadores de futbol. Veinticinco participantes se dividieron aleatoriamente en un grupo de entrenamiento de semi sentadillas con pesas (GESSP), un grupo de entrenamiento pliométrico (GEP) y grupo de control (GC). El SV fue analizado con una plataforma de salto computarizada. DMAT y IEP con la Escala Analógica Visual de Borg (EAVB) y la Escala de Borg Adaptada (EBA), respectivamente. GESSP mostró mejoras (p < 0,05) en salto con contramovimiento (SCM), sentadilla con salto (SC), PMMA (3190,67 ± 338,49 W) y PMMR (47,75 ± 5,01 W/kg). GEP mostró mejoras (p < 0,05) en SC. En las comparaciones intragrupo, GESSP, GEP y CG mostraron un aumento (p < 0,05) en IEP y DMAT. Entre grupos, GEP presentó un aumento (p < 0,05) en IEP y DMAT en comparación con GESSP y CG. SCM presentó fuertes correlaciones entre PMMA y SJ, IEP y SV, y PMMA y PMMR. SC mostró una mayor correlación positiva entre todas las variables físicas. Solo GESSP promovió un incremento en ambos tipos de saltos, con mayor PMMA y PMMR y menor IEP y DMAT.
Abstract. This study analyzed the effects of plyometric and strength training on vertical jump (VJ), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and absolute (APP) and relative (RPP) muscle peak power in young male football players. Twenty-five participants were randomly divided into semi-squat training group (SSTG), plyometric training group (PTG), and control group (CG). The duration of the intervention was six weeks. VJ was analyzed with a computerized jumping platform. DOMS and RPE with the Borg’s Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Adapted Borg Scale (ABS), respectively. The SSTG showed improvements (p < 0.05) in countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), APP (3190.67 ± 338.49 W), and RPP (47.75 ± 5.01 W/kg). PTG showed improvements (p < 0.05) in SJ. In the intragroup comparations, SSTG, PTG, and CG showed an increase (p < 0.05) in RPE and DOMS. Between groups, PTG presented an increase (p < 0.05) on RPE and DOMS compared with SSTG and CG. CMJ presented strong correlations between APP and VJ, RPP, and VJ, and APP and RPP. SJ showed a higher positive correlation between all the physical variables. Only SSTG promoted an increase in both types of jumps, with a greater APP and RPP and a lower RPE and DOMS.
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