Efectos del entrenamiento de resistencia de alta intensidad sobre el cortisol salival en individuos entrenados: una revisión sistemática (Effects of high-intense resistance training on salivary cortisol in trained individuals: a systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i41.82770Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento de resistencia, Saliva, CortisolResumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento de alta intensidad sobre los niveles de cortisol salival en individuos entrenados físicamente. Esta revisión sistemática siguió las recomendaciones de PRISMA. La búsqueda de artículos científicos se realizó en las bases Scopus y MEDLINE (vía PubMed) con los términos entrenamiento de resistencia, saliva, cortisol y sus sinónimos. Se incluyeron intervenciones con entrenamiento de resistencia de alta intensidad que analizaron los niveles de cortisol salival en hombres y mujeres entrenados físicamente. De los 399 artículos encontrados, ocho estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Una población de 135 hombres entrenados físicamente y 12 mujeres tiene una edad de 23,26±3,10 años, masa corporal de 85,53±12,68 kg y altura de 1,80±0,04 m. El período de intervención varió de 3 a 15 semanas con el uso de 1 a 5 series de 5 a 10 repeticiones. Se ha demostrado que la mayoría de los protocolos proporcionan estímulos significativos para aumentar el nivel de cortisol de forma aguda (p<0,05). La práctica de entrenamiento de alta intensidad parece ser una intervención eficaz para estimular el aumento de los niveles de cortisol salival agudo y crónico y así inducir posibles cambios en los niveles fisiológicos y hormonales. Además, el cortisol parece representar la actividad física en algunas poblaciones y puede ser útil para monitorear la fisiología en encuestas observacionales de actividad física a gran escala. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para dilucidar los efectos de entrenamiento de alta intensidad sobre el cortisol y los resultados adaptativos.
Abstract. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity training (HIT) on salivary cortisol levels in physically trained individuals. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. The search for scientific articles was carried out on the Scopus and MEDLINE (via PubMed) databases with the terms resistance training, saliva, cortisol, and their synonyms. We included interventions with high-intense resistance training that analyzed the salivary cortisol levels in physically trained men and women. From the 399 articles found, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. A population of 135 physically trained men and 12 women is with an average age of 23.26 ± 3.10 years, body mass of 85.53 ± 12.68 kg, and height of 1.80 ± 0.04 m. The intervention period ranged from 3 to 15 weeks with the use of 1 to 5 sets of 5 to 10 repetitions. Most protocols have been shown to provide significant stimuli to increase the level of cortisol acutely (p<0.05). The practice of HIT seems to be an effective intervention to stimulate the increase in acute and chronic salivary cortisol levels and thus induce possible changes in physiological and hormonal levels. Moreover, cortisol seems to represent physical activity in some populations and may be useful in monitoring physiology in large-scale observational physical activity surveys. However, more research is needed to elucidate the effects of HIT on cortisol and adaptive results.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Rogério Santos Aguiar, Gustavo Casimiro Lopes, Juliana Brandão Pinto de Castro, Vitor Ayres Prícipe, Mauro Lúcio Mazini Filho, Dirceu Ribeiro Nogueira da Gama, Rodolfo Alkmim Moreira, Jamilto Praxerdes Praxerdes, Rodrigo Gomes Vale
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