Niveles de actividad física de adolescentes portugueses en el primer periodo de confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19 y las primeras actividades de profesores y entrenadores: un estudio transversal(Physical activity levels of Portuguese adolescents in the first period of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the first activities of teachers and coaches: a cross-sectional study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.93923Palabras clave:
educación física, actividad física, deporte, profesores, entrenadores, COVID-19Resumen
Debido a la pandemia de COVID-19, el confinamiento social se declaró en Portugal el 19 de marzo de 2020. Las escuelas y clubes deportivos fueron cerrados, el acceso a todas las instalaciones deportivas y de ocio fue limitado y los jóvenes experimentaron restricciones en cuanto a la práctica de actividades físicas y deportivas. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los niveles de actividad física (AF) y la participación deportiva de los adolescentes antes y durante el confinamiento, con quien realizaron AF durante el periodo de confinamiento e identificar las actividades adoptadas por sus profesores de educación física (EF) y entrenadores deportivos para mantenerlos físicamente activos. Se realizó una encuesta en línea entre el 27 de marzo y el 14 de abril de 2020. Participaron en este estudio un total de 3.012 adolescentes portugueses (57% mujeres) de entre 10 y 19 años (14,3±2,4 años). En el análisis de datos se utilizaron la prueba de Wilcoxon y la prueba t de muestras pareadas y la prueba de independencia de chi-cuadrado. Los resultados muestran que el número de estudiantes que practicaban AF aumentó durante el confinamiento (72,7 % a 88,2 %). Para quienes practicaban AF antes del confinamiento, la frecuencia de AF disminuyó de 4,7 sesiones/semana a 4,4 sesiones/semana (durante el confinamiento). Para los que no practicaban AF antes del confinamiento, empezaron haciendo 4,1 sesiones/semana. La gran mayoría del profesorado de EF (77,3%) proponía alguna actividad pedagógica como las clases por videoconferencia (53,6%). En cuanto a los entrenadores, el 53,4% propuso alguna actividad, principalmente entrenamiento en circuito, marcha y ciclismo (alrededor del 18% cada uno), o ejercicios de entrenamiento específico y clases por videoconferencia (alrededor del 12% cada uno). El número de alumnos que aumentó su práctica regular de AF puede justificarse por la intervención inmediata de los profesores de EF, que implementaron varias actividades en línea, o porque los alumnos pudieron elegir diferentes opciones para mantenerse activos.
Palabras clave: educación física, actividad física, deporte, profesores, entrenadores, COVID-19.
Abstract. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, social confinement was declared in Portugal on 19th March 2020. Schools and sports clubs were closed, access to all sports and leisure facilities was limited, and young people have experienced restrictions regarding the practice of physical activities and sports. The purpose of this study was to identify the physical activity (PA) levels and sports participation of adolescents before and during confinement, with whom they practice during restrictions and to identify the activities adopted by their physical education (PE) teachers and sports coaches to keep them physically active. An online survey was conducted between March 27th and April 14th 2020. A total of 3,012 Portuguese adolescents (57% females) aged between 10 and 19 years old (14.3±2.4 years old) took part in this study. Wilcoxon test and paired-sample t-test and chi-square test of independence were used in the data analysis. The results show that the number of students engaged in PA increased during the lockdown (72.7% to 88.2%). For those who practiced PA before lockdown, the frequency of PA decreased from 4.7 sessions/week to 4.4 sessions/week (during confinement). For those who did not practice PA before confinement, they started by doing 4.1 sessions/week. The vast majority of PE teachers (77.3%) proposed some pedagogical activities such as video conference classes (53.6%). Regarding the coaches, 53.4% proposed some activity, mainly time circuit training, walking and cycling (around 18% each), or specific training exercises and video conference classes (about 12% each). The number of students who increased their regular PA practice can be justified by the immediate intervention of PE teachers, who implemented several online activities, or because students were able to choose different options to stay active.
Keywords: physical education, physical activity, sport, teachers, coaches, COVID-19
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