Variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y de la presión arterial durante y después de tres sesiones de CrossFit® (Heart rate variability and blood pressure during and after three CrossFit® sessions)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.93780

Palabras clave:

entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad, variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca, presión arterial, respuesta autonómica, hipotensión post-ejercicio

Resumen

CrossFit® es un programa de entrenamiento caracterizado por estímulos de alta intensidad basado en ejercicios funcionales que varían constantemente y que inducen a importantes demandas fisiológicas, hemodinámicas y bioquímicas. La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) es usado como un indicador un indicador de estrés fisiológico y fatiga. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las respuestas agudas de la VFC y la presión arterial durante y después de tres sesiones diferentes de Crossfit®. Nueve sujetos con más de un año de experiencia realizaron tres sesiones diferentes de CrossFit® en las que se analizó la respuesta de la presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y VFC. Se observaron reducciones significativas en la VFC a través de los índices parasimpáticos (Alta Frecuencia (HF), p<0.001) y un aumento en la actividad de los índices simpáticos (Baja Frecuencia (LF), p< 0.01; LF/HF, p<0.001) tras la realización de las tres sesiones. La PAS disminuyó (p<0.05) y no hubo diferencias significativas entre los entrenamientos del día tanto en la VFC como en la PAS. Las tres sesiones de CrossFit® analizadas indujeron una actividad similar, reduciendo la actividad del sistema nervioso autónomo medida mediante HRV, así como una hipotensión post-ejercicio.

Palabras clave. entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad; Fran; Megan; Diane; respuesta autonómica; hipotensión post-ejercicio.

Abstract. CrossFit® is a training program characterized by high intensity stimulus with constantly varied and multifunctional movements that induces a significant range of physiological, hemodynamic and biochemical responses. Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to measure how individuals react to physiological stress and fatigue. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify HRV and blood pressure acute responses during and after three sessions of Crossfit®. Nine subjects with more than one year of experience performed three different sessions of CrossFit® to verify the response of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and HRV. Significant reductions in HRV were observed through parasympathetic indexes (High Frequency(HF), p<0.001) and an increase in the activity of sympathetic indexes (Low Frequency (LF), p < 0.01; LF/HF, p<0.001) after all Crossfit® workouts. SBP decreased ​​(p<0.05) and there were no significant differences between workouts of the day in both HRV and SBP. Different CrossFit® sessions induced similar activity of the autonomic nervous system with reduced HRV and post-exercise hypotension.

Keywords. high intensity interval training; Fran; Megan; Diane; autonomic response; post-exercise hypotensive effect.

Citas

Bellar, D., Hatchett, A., Judge, L., Breaux, M., & Marcus, L. (2015). The relationship of aerobic capacity, anaerobic peak power and experience to performance in HIT exercise. Biology of Sport, 32(4), 315–320. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1174771

Butcher, S., Neyedly, T., Horvey, K., & Benko, C. (2015). Do physiological measures predict selected CrossFit® benchmark performance? Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 241. https://doi.org/10.2147/oajsm.s88265

Cervantes Hernández, N., Hernandez Nájera, N., & Carrasco Legleu, C. E. (2021). Comparación de pruebas para medir la fatiga muscular en el entrenamiento de atletas hombres de CrossFit: una revisión sistemática (Comparison of tests to measure muscle fatigue in training of male CrossFit athlete: a systematic review). Retos, 43, 923–930. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.89787

Claudino, J. G., Gabbett, T. J., Bourgeois, F., Souza, H. de S., Miranda, R. C., Mezêncio, B., … Serrão, J. C. (2018). CrossFit Overview: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine - Open, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0124-5

Costa, F., Parodi Feye, A. S., & Magallanes, C. (2021). Efectos del entrenamiento de sobrecarga tradicional vs CrossFit sobre distintas expresiones de la fuerza (Effects of traditional strength training vs CrossFit on different expressions of strength). Retos, 42, 182–188. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.86132

Electrophysiology, T. F. of the E. S. (1996). Heart Rate Variability. Circulation, 93(5), 1043–1065. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.93.5.1043

Fagundes, M.M. & Boscaini, C. (2014) Perfil antropométrico e comparação de diferentes métodos de avaliação da composição corporal de atletas de futsal masculino. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 8(44), 110-19.

Figueiredo, T., Reis, V. M., Simao, R., De, S. B. F., & Dias, I. (2014). Acute hypotensive effects after a strength training session : a review : review article. International SportMed Journal, 15(3), 308–329. https://doi.org/10.10520/EJC159073

Figueiredo, T., Rhea, M. R., Peterson, M., Miranda, H., Bentes, C. M., Machado de Ribeiro dos Reis, V., & Simão, R. (2015). Influence of Number of Sets on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability After a Strength Training Session. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(6), 1556–1563. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000774

Figueiredo, T., Willardson, J. M., Miranda, H., Bentes, C. M., Machado Reis, V., Freitas de Salles, B., & Simão, R. (2016). Influence of Rest Interval Length Between Sets on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability After a Strength Training Session Performed By Prehypertensive Men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(7), 1813–1824. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001302

Hernández-Cruz, G., Estrada-Meneses, E. F., Ramos-Jiménez, A., Rangel-Colmenero, B. R., Reynoso-Sánchez, L. F., Miranda-Mendoza, J., & Quezada-Chacón, J. T. (2021). Relación entre el tipo de ejercicio físico y la fatiga cuantificada mediante VFC, CK y el lactato en sangre (Relationship between physical exercise type and fatigue quantified through HRV, CK, and blood lactate). Retos, 44, 176–182. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.89479

Holmes, C., Wind, S., & Esco, M. (2018). Heart Rate Variability Responses to an Undulating Resistance Training Program in Free-Living Conditions: A Case Study in a Collegiate Athlete. Sports, 6(4), 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040121

Jacob, N., Novaes, J. S., Behm, D. G., Vieira, J. G., Dias, M. R., & Vianna, J. M. (2020). Characterization of Hormonal, Metabolic, and Inflammatory Responses in CrossFit® Training: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Physiology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.01001

Kliszczewicz, B., John, Q. C., Daniel, B. L., Gretchen, O. D., Michael, E. R., & Kyle, T. J. (2015). Acute Exercise and Oxidative Stress: CrossFitTM vs. Treadmill Bout. Journal of Human Kinetics, 47(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0064

Kramer, S. J., Baur, D. A., Spicer, M. T., Vukovich, M. D., & Ormsbee, M. J. (2016). The effect of six days of dietary nitrate supplementation on performance in trained CrossFit athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-016-0150-y

Le Meur, Y., Buchheit, M., Aubry, A., Coutts, A. J., & Hausswirth, C. (2017). Assessing Overreaching With Heart-Rate Recovery: What Is the Minimal Exercise Intensity Required? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(4), 569–573. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0675

Leitão, L., Dias, M., Campos, Y., Vieira, J. G., Sant’Ana, L., Telles, L. G., … Vianna, J. (2021). Physical and Physiological Predictors of FRAN CrossFit® WOD Athlete’s Performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 4070. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084070

Maté-Muñoz, J. L., Lougedo, J. H., Barba, M., García-Fernández, P., Garnacho-Castaño, M. V., & Domínguez, R. (2017). Muscular fatigue in response to different modalities of CrossFit sessions. PLOS ONE, 12(7), e0181855. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181855

Montalvo, A. M., Shaefer, H., Rodriguez, B., Li, T., Epnere, K., & Myer, G. D. (2017). Retrospective Injury Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Injury in CrossFit. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 16(1), 53–59. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28344451/

Nobrega, A. C. L., O’Leary, D., Silva, B. M., Marongiu, E., Piepoli, M. F., & Crisafulli, A. (2014). Neural Regulation of Cardiovascular Response to Exercise: Role of Central Command and Peripheral Afferents. BioMed Research International, 2014, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/478965

Olivares Arancibia, J., Solis-Urra, P., Porras-López, F., Federeci-Díaz, I., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, F., Zavala, J. P., & Cristi-Montero, C. (2021). Cardiac autonomic response during recovery using whole-body vibration after maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (Respuesta cardiaca autónoma durante la recuperación utilizando vibración de cuerpo completo, después de una prueba de ejercicio cardiopulmo. Retos, 42, 323–330. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.82484

Oliver-López, A., García-Valverde, A., & Sabido, R. (2022). Summary of the evidence on responses and adaptations derived from crossfit training. A systematic review. Retos, 46, 309–322. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93442

Paz, G. A., Figueiredo, T., Silva, G. V. L. C. e, Corcino, A., Luiz, F., Padilha, F., … Miranda, H. (2013). Efeito hipotensivo do treinamento de força utilizando diferentes intervalos entre as séries. ConScientiae Saúde, 12(2), 210–218. https://doi.org/10.5585/conssaude.v12n2.4074

Pescatello, L. S., & American College Of Sports Medicine. (2017). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (9th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health.

Rodrigues, M.I. & Lemma, A.F. (2014). Planejamento de experimentos e otimização de processos (2ª ed.). Campinas.

Sánchez Silva, Á., & Lamoneda Prieto, J. (2021). Hibridación de la Gamificación, la educación física relacionada con la salud y el Modelo Integral de Transición Activa hacia la Autonomía en la iniciación al Crossfit en estudiantes de Secundaria (Hybridization of Gamification, Health Based Physical Educ. Retos, 42, 627–635. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.87274

Silva, L. M., Aidar, F. J., Matos, D. G., Santana, E. E., Dantas, M. P., Santos, P. G., … Cabral, B. A. (2018). Validation of automated apparatus for upper limb velocity testing. Motricidade, 14(4), 86–93. https://doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.15983

Tibana, R. A., Almeida, L. M., & Prestes, J. (2015). Crossfit® Riscos ou Benefícios? O que Sabemos até o Momento? Revista Brasileira de Ciência E Movimento, 23(1), 182–185. https://doi.org/10.18511/0103-1716/rbcm.v23n1p182-185

Tibana, R. A., de Almeida, L. M., Frade de Sousa, N. M., Nascimento, D. da C., Neto, I. V. de S., de Almeida, J. A., … Prestes, J. (2016). Two Consecutive Days of Extreme Conditioning Program Training Affects Pro and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines and Osteoprotegerin without Impairments in Muscle Power. Frontiers in Physiology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00260

Tibana, R., de Sousa, N., Cunha, G., Prestes, J., Fett, C., Gabbett, T., & Voltarelli, F. (2018). Validity of Session Rating Perceived Exertion Method for Quantifying Internal Training Load during High-Intensity Functional Training. Sports, 6(3), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030068

Weisenthal, B. M., Beck, C. A., Maloney, M. D., DeHaven, K. E., & Giordano, B. D. (2014). Injury Rate and Patterns Among CrossFit Athletes. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2(4), 232596711453117. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967114531177

White, D. W., & Raven, P. B. (2014). Autonomic neural control of heart rate during dynamic exercise: revisited. The Journal of Physiology, 592(12), 2491–2500. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.271858

Williams, S., Booton, T., Watson, M., Rowland, D., & Altini, M. (2017). Heart Rate Variability is a Moderating Factor in the Workload-Injury Relationship of Competitive CrossFitTM Athletes. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 16(4), 443–449.

Descargas

Publicado

2023-01-02

Cómo citar

Barreto, A. C., Medeiros, A. P., Araujo, G. da S., Vale, R., Vianna, J. M., Alkimin, R., Serra, R., Leitão, L., Reis, V. M., & Novaes, J. da S. (2023). Variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y de la presión arterial durante y después de tres sesiones de CrossFit® (Heart rate variability and blood pressure during and after three CrossFit® sessions). Retos, 47, 311–316. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.93780

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a