El dolor muscular de aparición tardía inducido por contracción excéntrica afecta negativamente la actividad autonómica cardíaca en adolescentes atletas: un estudio pre-experimental (Eccentric-induced delayed-onset muscle soreness impairs cardiac autonomic activity in adolescent athletes: a pre-experimental study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.106722Palabras clave:
Deportes, Dolor agudo, Sistema nervioso autónomo, Hiperalgesia mecánica, Daño muscularResumen
Objetivo: Investigar el impacto del dolor muscular de aparición tardía inducido por ejercicios excéntricos (DOMS, por sus siglas en inglés) sobre la actividad autonómica cardíaca en atletas adolescentes. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un diseño preexperimental de un solo grupo con preprueba y postprueba en quince atletas adolescentes competitivos, y se evaluó el efecto de DOMS en la actividad autonómica cardíaca, controlando por composición corporal y los factores de ansiedad estado/rasgo. Se aplicó un protocolo de ejercicio excéntrico a los músculos flexores del codo para inducir DOMS. Luego, se comparó la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca antes y dos días después de la inducción de DOMS, tanto en condiciones de reposo como durante movimientos resistidos del miembro con dolor, utilizando la prueba t para muestras pareadas. Además, se midió la composición corporal y el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (STAI, por sus siglas en inglés). Resultados: El análisis reveló un efecto significativo de DOMS en la respuesta autonómica cardíaca en el dominio de tiempo en raíz cuadrada de las diferencias sucesivas (RMSSD) (MD = -5.58, IC del 95%[-9.36, -1.8], t(14) = -3.2, p = 0.007) y desviación estándar de los intervalos normales a normales (SDNN) (MD = -9.43, IC del 95%[-15.47, -3.39], t(13) = -3.4, p = 0.005), así como en los índices autonómicos del sistema nervioso simpático (SNS, por sus siglas en inglés) (MD = 0.68, IC del 95%[0.07, 1.29], t(14) = 2.4, p = 0.031) e Índice de Estrés (SI) (MD = 2.72, IC del 95%[0.67, 4.77], t(14) = 2.8, p = 0.013) en condiciones de ejercicio. Conclusiones: El DOMS modifica la actividad autonómica cardíaca en comparación con condiciones de control durante el dolor evocado mecánicamente, pero no en reposo. Este estudio destaca la importancia de considerar la presencia de DOMS cuando se utiliza la VFC en atletas adolescentes para fines de entrenamiento, clínicos o de investigación.
Palabras clave: Deportes, Dolor agudo, Sistema nervioso autónomo, Hiperalgesia mecánica, Daño muscular
Abstract. Objective: To investigate the impact of eccentric-induced delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) on cardiac autonomic activity in adolescent athletes. Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pre-test/post-test design was carried out on fifteen competitive adolescent athletes, and the effect of DOMS on cardiac autonomic activity was assessed while controlling for body composition and anxious state/trait factors. An eccentric exercise protocol was applied to the elbow’s flexor muscles to induce DOMS. Then, heart rate variability was compared before and two days after DOMS induction under resting and resisted movement conditions of the painful limb, using a t-test for paired samples. The body composition and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were also measured. Results: The analysis revealed a significant effect of DOMS on autonomic response in time domain measures of root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) (MD = -5.58, 95%CI[-9.36, -1.8], t(14) = -3.2, p = 0.007) and standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) (MD = -9.43, 95%CI[-15.47, -3.39], t(13) = -3.4, p = 0.005), as well as on sympathetic nervous system (SNS) autonomic indices (MD = 0.68, 95%CI[0.07, 1.29], t(14) = 2.4, p = 0.031) and Stress index (SI) (MD = 2.72, 95%CI[0.67, 4.77], t(14) = 2.8, p = 0.013) under exercise conditions. Conclusions: DOMS changes cardiac autonomic activity compared to control conditions during mechanically evoked pain but not at rest. This study highlights the importance of considering the presence of DOMS when HRV is used in adolescent athletes for training, clinical, or research purposes.
Keywords: Sports, Acute pain, Autonomic nervous system, Mechanical hyperalgesia, Muscle damage
Citas
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