Resiliencia, autoconcepto e IMC: cómo estos factores moldean el bienestar de los adolescentes españoles

Autores/as

  • Laura García Pérez Docente-Investigador https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2034-0558
  • Noelia Segura-Martínez
  • Rosario Padial-Ruz Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad de Granada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7804-5562
  • José Luis Ubago-Jiménez Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y Corporal. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad de Granada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7252-209X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v65.111385

Palabras clave:

Adolescencia, autoconcepto, índice de masa corporal, resiliencia, salud mental

Resumen

Antecedentes. Los estudios han demostrado que los adolescentes son una población en riesgo de episodios que disminuyen su bienestar mental. La resiliencia es una herramienta clave para afrontar la adversidad, mejorar la salud mental y es un importante predictor del autoconcepto. Además, uno de los problemas de salud mental en la preadolescencia es el aumento del índice de masa corporal.

Métodos. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este artículo fue identificar las relaciones entre la resiliencia, las dimensiones del autoconcepto y el índice de masa corporal. Los preadolescentes (N=446) informaron sobre las relaciones entre la resiliencia, las dimensiones del autoconcepto y el índice de masa corporal a las edades de 11 y 12 años. Se administraron cuestionarios validados para evaluar la resiliencia (CD-RISC) y el autoconcepto (AF-5). Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el software estadístico IBM SPSS 28.0 con pruebas paramétricas. Resultados. Existen asociaciones positivas entre el nivel de resiliencia y las dimensiones del autoconcepto. Además, las niñas preadolescentes reportaron puntuaciones más altas tanto en las dimensiones de autoconcepto académico y social, como en el nivel de resiliencia. Conclusiones. Esta investigación destacó la importancia de las intervenciones y programas que ayudan a los estudiantes a fortalecer su resiliencia y mejorar su autoconcepto.

Citas

Agnieszka, L., Tomaszek, K. y Bosacki, S. (2020). Empathy, Gratitude, and Resilience – Does Gender Make a Difference? Anales de Psicología, 36(3), 521-532. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.391541

Alderman, E.M., Breuner, C. y Grubb, L. (2020). Unique needs of adolescent. Pediatric, 144(6), e20193150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-3150

Ashori, M. y Aghaziarati, A. (2022). The relationships among social-emotional assets and resilience, empathy and behavioral problems in deaf and hard of hearing children. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03152-5

Azzopardi, P. S., Hearps, S., Francis, K. L., Kennedy, E. C., Mokdad, A. H., Kassebaum, N. J., … Patton, G. C. (2019). Progress in adolescent health and wellbeing: tracking 12 headline indicators for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016. Lancet (London, England), 393(10176), 1101–1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32427-9

Baltasar, D.M., Sánchez, S., y Barona, E. (2016). Autoconcepto académico: modalidades de escolarización, repeticiones de curso y sexo. Campo Abierto, 35(2), 69-82. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/6036933.pdf

Bjertnaes, A. A., Fossum, I. N., Oma, I., Bakken, K. S., Arne, T., y Holten-Andersen, M. N. (2020). A Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship Between Mental Health Problems and Overweight and Obesity in Adolescents. Frontiers in public health, 8(335), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00334

Chaplin, T. (2015). Género y expresión emocional: una perspectiva contextual del desarrollo. Revisión emocional, 7 (1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914544408

Chen, H., Hong, Q., Xu, J., Liu, F., Wen, Y. y Gu, X. (2021). Resilience Coping in Preschool Children: The Role of Emotional Ability, Age, and Gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18095027

Chen, S. & Bonano, G. A. (2020). Psychological adjustment during the global outbreak of COVID-19: A resilience perspective. Psychol Trauma:-Theory, Res, Prac and Policy. 2020, 12; 51–54. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/tra0000685

Chulakarn, N., y Chaimongkol, N. (2021). Factors affecting resilience among early adolescents living in homes for children: A model testing. Children and Youth Services Review, 120, 105737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105737

Chung, J.O.K., Lam K.K.W, Ho, K.Y., Cheung, A.T., Ho, L.L.K., Gibson F., y Li, W.H.C. (2020). Relationship among resilience, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Journal of Health Psychology, 25(13-14), 2396-2405. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105318800159

Connor, K.M. y Davidson, J.R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113

Crump, C., Sundquist, J., Winkleby, M. A., y Sundquist, K. (2016). Stress resilience and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes in 1.5 million young men. Diabetologia, 59(4), 728–733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3846-7

Delgado-Floody, P., Soto-García, D., Camaño-Navarrete, F., Carter-Thuillier, B. y Guzmán-Guzmán, I.P. (2022). Negative Physical Self-Concept Is Associated to Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Negative Lifestyle and Poor Mental Health in Chilean Schoolchildren. Nutrients, 14(13), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132771

Duong, K.NK., Le Bao, T.N., Lan Nguyen, P.T., Vo Van, T., Lam, T., Gia, A.P…Vo van, B. (2020). Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 During the First Nationwide Lockdown in Vietnam: Web-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR formative research, 4(12), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.2196/24776

Fernández, M., Hernández, F., Rodríguez, A., & Pérez, S. (2024). Asociación del acoso escolar y el autoconcepto físico en la transición de primaria a secundaria Retos, 52, 178–184. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.101130

Fuente-Figuerola, V., Sánchez-Villena, A. y Longo, J.P. (2022). Resilience and self-concept in fostered peruvian adolescent. Revista de Psicología, 11(2), 11-20. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358783496_Resilience_and_Self-Concept_in_Fostered_Peruvian_Adolescents#fullTextFileContent

García, F. y Musitu, G. (2009). AF5: Autoconcepto Forma 5 [AF5: Self-concept form 5] (3nd ed.): Tea.

Gil, G.E. (2010). La resiliencia: conceptos y modelos aplicables al entorno escolar. El guiniguada, 19(2), 27-42. https://ojsspdc.ulpgc.es/ojs/index.php/ElGuiniguada/article/view/421

González, J.O., Morón-Vera, J.A, González-Becerra, V.H., Abundis, A. y Macias-Espinoza, F. (2020). Academic self-efficacy, academic social support, school well-being and its relation with academic performance in university students. Psicumex, 10(2), 95-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.36793/psicumex.v10i2.353

Graves, B. S., Hall, M. E., Dias-Karch, C., Haischer, M. H., y Apter, C. (2021). Gender differences in perceived stress and coping among college students. PloS one, 16(8), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255634

Hagan, J.F., Shaw, J.S. y Duncan, P.M., eds. (2017). Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents, American Academy of Pediatrics.

Haktanir, A., Watson, J. C., Ermis, H., Karaman, M. A., Freeman, P., Kuraman, A., … Streeter, A. (2021). Resilience, academic self-concept, and college adjustment among first-year students. Journal of College Student Retention:Research, Theory & Practice, 23(1), 161–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025118810666

Hameed, R., Riaz, A., y Muhammad, A. (2019). Relationship of gender differences with social support, emotional behavioral problems and self-esteem in adolescents. Journal of psychiatry and behavioural sciences 2(1), 1-6. https://meddocsonline.org/journal-of-psychiatry-and-behavioral-sciences/relationship-of-gender-differences-with-social-support-emotional-behavioral-problems-and-self-esteem-in-adolescents.pdf

Herrera, L., Al-Lal, M., y Mohamed, L. (2019). Academic Achievement, Self-Concept, Personality and Emotional Intelligence in Primary Education. Analysis by Gender and Cultural Group. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(30), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03075

Karataş, Z. y Tagay, Ö. (2021). The relationships between resilience of the adults affected by the covid pandemic in Turkey and Covid-19 fear, meaning in life, life satisfaction, intolerance of uncertainty and hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 172(110592), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110592

Kidd, S. y Shahar, G. (2008). Resilience in homeless youth: The key role of self-esteem. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78(2), 163-172. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.78.2.163.

Klaufus, L., Verlinden, E., van der Wal, M., Cujipers, P., Chinapaw, M. y Smit, F. (2022). Adolescent anxiety and depression: burden of disease study in 53,894 secondary school pupils in the Netherlands. BMC Psychiatry, 22(225), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-03868-5

Kneavel, M. (2020). Relationship between gender, stress, and quality of social support. Psychological Reports, 124(4), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120939844

Krauss, S., Orth, U., y Robins, R.W. (2020). Family environment and self-esteem development: A longitudinal study from age 10 to 16. Journal of personality and social psychology, 119(2), 457-478. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000263

Martins, M.H.V. y Neto, V.C. (2016). Resilience and self-concept of competence in institutionalized and non-institutionalized Young people. Revista Psicología, 30(2), 61-76. https://doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v30i2.1122

Maynor, L. Gálvez-Peralta, M., Barrickman, A., Hanif, A. y Baugh, G. (2022). Perceived stress, academic self-concept, and coping mechanism among pharmacy students following a curricular revisión. Current in Pharmacy Teaching and Learnign, 14(2), 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2021.11.013

MedlinePlus (2020). How to Improve Mental Health. National Library of Medicine. https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html

Mesman, E., Vreeker, A., y Hillegers, M. (2021). Resilience and mental health in children and adoleESCnts: an update of the recent literature and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 34(6), 586-592. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000741

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine et al. (2019). The Promise of AdoleESCnce: Realizing Opportunity for All Youth. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25388.

Nguyen Thi Khanh, H., Nguyen Thanh, L., Pham Quoc, T., Pham Viet, C., Duong Minh, D. y Le Thi Kim, A. (2020). Suicidal behaviors and depression "among adolescents in Hanoi, Vietnam: A multilevel analysis of data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2019. Health psychology open, 7(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/205510292095471

Ramírez-Granizo, I.A., Sánchez-Zafra, M., Zurita-Ortega, F., Puertas-Molero, P., González-Valero, G. & author. (2020). Multidimensional self-concept depending on levels of resilience and the motivational climate directed towards sport in schoolchildren. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 534. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020534

Sawyer, S. M., Azzopardi, P. S., Wickremarathne, D., y Patton, G. C. (2018). The age of adolescence. The Lancet. Child & adolescent health, 2(3), 223–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30022-1

Sugimura, K. (2020). Adolescent identy development in Japan. Children Development Perspective, 14, 71-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12359

Sulistiowati, N.M.D., Keliat, B.D. y Besral, I.I. (2020). Mental health and related factors among adolescents. Enfermería Clínica, 30(S7), 111-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.07.023.

Valero-Moreno, S., Lacomba-Trejo, L., Coello, M.F., Herrera, J.S., Cchocho, A.X., Samper, P., …Montoya-Castilla, I. (2022). Impacto emocional y resiliencia en adolescentes de España y Ecuador durante la COVID-19: estudio transcultural. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, 9(1): 29-36. doi: https://doi.org/10.21134/rpcna.2022.09.1.3

World Health Organization (2018). Mental health. Child and adolescent mental health. http://www.who.int/mental_health/maternal-child/child_adoleESCnt/en/ Accesed July 26, 2023.

Yoleri, S. (2020). Factors Affecting Level of Children Resilience and Teachers’ Opinions about Resilience. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 7(3), 361-378. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.780247

Descargas

Publicado

2025-02-28

Cómo citar

García Pérez, L., Segura-Martínez, N., Padial-Ruz, R., & Ubago-Jiménez, J. L. (2025). Resiliencia, autoconcepto e IMC: cómo estos factores moldean el bienestar de los adolescentes españoles. Retos, 65, 614–622. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v65.111385

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a

1 2 > >>