Evaluación de ultrasonido del músculo de la pared abdominal y nivel de experiencia en Pilates – un estudio exploratorio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.107624Palabras clave:
Evaluación Abdominal, Pilates, Pared Abdominal, Nivel de experienciaResumen
El núcleo se refiere a un grupo de músculos que permiten una transferencia óptima de fuerza a lo largo de la cadena cinética del cuerpo y es fundamental para el movimiento. El objetivo de este estudio cuasiexperimental fue investigar la relación entre el nivel de experiencia de los participantes de Pilates y el grosor de la pared abdominal. Para esto, comparamos el grosor de cuatro músculos abdominales: transverso abdominal (TrA), oblicuo interno (IO), oblicuo externo (EO) y recto abdominal (RA), medido antes y después de 8 semanas de entrenamiento de Pilates en tres modos, a saber, relajación, vaciado abdominal y ejercicio de plancha. Dieciocho participantes se distribuyeron en tres grupos con diferentes niveles de práctica de Pilates: grupos experimentados (EG; n=6), inexpertos (IG; n=7) y control (CG; n=5). La RA mostró una tendencia a aumentar postintervención en el EG (todos los modos: p=0.002, p=0.006 y p=0.002, respectivamente para el modo relajación, hueco abdominal y plancha de pie). Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas en los modos de relajación (p=0.003, d=−0.744) y plancha (p=0.009, d=−0.630) en el IG. También se registraron diferencias significativas en el músculo EO en el IG (todos los modos: p=0.046, p=0.013 y p=0.008, respectivamente; d=0.464, d=−0.596 y d=−0.637, respectivamente). El grosor del músculo IO tendió a aumentar en el CG en todos los modos (p=0.044, p=0.006 y p<0.001, respectivamente) y en el EG en los modos relajación y plancha (p=0.009 y p=0.007, respectivamente). Dentro de los grupos, los efectos de la práctica de Pilates fueron más significativos post-intervención, con las excepciones bajo el modo de contracción en los músculos más profundos (IO: p=0.109, d=0.083; TrA: p=0.194, d=0.062). Nuestra hipótesis se confirmó parcialmente porque 8 semanas de práctica de Pilates mejoraron significativamente el grosor de los músculos RA y EO en el IG.
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