Efectos de un programa de entrenamiento en circuito en la mejora de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, la fuerza de las extremidades superiores y la agilidad en sujetos parapléjicos (Effects of a circuit training program in improving cardiorespiratory fitness, upper extremity strength, and agility in paraplegic subjects)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.107488Palabras clave:
fisiología; ejercicio; deporte; lesiones medulares; aptitud cardiorrespiratoriaResumen
El ejercicio y los deportes pueden desempeñar un papel crucial para las personas con discapacidades debido a sus niveles restringidos de actividad física. Entre las personas con discapacidad, la práctica de deportes y ejercicio tiene el potencial de mejorar notablemente su funcionamiento físico y fisiológico. En consecuencia, el objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento en circuito sobre la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, la fuerza musculoesquelética y la agilidad de los usuarios de sillas de ruedas. En el estudio participaron 28 participantes con paraplejia como consecuencia de una lesión medular, con edades comprendidas entre los 19 y los 40 años, que se dividieron en dos grupos: un grupo experimental (GE, n = 14) que participaba en entrenamiento en circuito, y un grupo control (GC, n = 14) que realizaba ejercicio aeróbico de la parte superior del cuerpo exclusivamente.Todos los sujetos participaron en la prueba de yo-yo en silla de ruedas y en la prueba de prensión manual, ambas realizadas al inicio y al final del período de formación. Los resultados mostraron una interacción significativa Tiempo x Grupo para ambas variables, lo que indica una mejoría sustancial en el grupo de intervención (p < 0,001), mientras que no se observaron cambios significativos en el grupo control. Por lo tanto, los hallazgos sugieren que la incorporación del entrenamiento en circuito en la rutina diaria de los usuarios de sillas de ruedas tiene un impacto positivo en su bienestar general, mejorando en última instancia su calidad de vida.
Palabras clave: fisiología; ejercicio; deporte; lesiones medulares; aptitud cardiorrespiratoria.
Abstract. Exercise and sports may play a crucial role for individuals with disabilities due to their restricted levels of physical activity. Among people with disabilities, engaging in sports and exercise has the potential to notably enhance their physical and physiological functioning. Consequently, the aim of this research was to investigate the effects of a circuit training program on the cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal strength, and agility of wheelchair users. The study involved 28 participants with paraplegia as a result of spinal cord injury, aged between 19 and 40 years, who were divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG, n = 14) participating in circuit training, and a control group (CG, n = 14) undergoing aerobic upper-body exercise exclusively. All subjects took part in the wheelchair yo-yo test and hand grip test, both conducted at the commencement and conclusion of the training period. The results displayed a significant Time x Group interaction for both variables, indicating a substantial improvement in the intervention group (p < 0.001), while no significant changes were observed in the control group. Therefore, the findings suggest that incorporating circuit training into the daily routine of wheelchair users has a positive impact on their overall well-being, ultimately enhancing their quality of life.
Key words: physiology; exercise; sport; spinal cord injuries; cardiorespiratory fitness.
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