Diet and Exercise The effectiveness of diet and exercise in the management of obesity

Nuridin Widya  Pranoto; varhatun fauziah; Septriyan  Anugrah; Gema  Fitriady; Hendra  Setyawan; Vlad Adrian  Geantă; Alexandre  Sibomana; Japhet  Ndayisenga

doi:10.47197/retos.v58.105295

La eficacia de la dieta y el ejercicio en el manejo de la obesidad (The effectiveness of diet and exercise in the management of obesity)

Autores/as

Nuridin Widya Pranoto Universitas Negeri Padang
varhatun fauziah Universitas Negeri Padang https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5335-4931
Septriyan Anugrah Universitas Negeri Padang
Gema Fitriady Universitas Negeri Malang
Hendra Setyawan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Vlad Adrian Geantă Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8488-1698
Alexandre Sibomana University of Burundi in Institute
Japhet Ndayisenga University of Burundi in Institute

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.105295

Palabras clave:

diet, Exercise, Obesity, Elderly

Resumen

Antecedentes y objetivos: La obesidad es un problema de salud mundial creciente y se está convirtiendo en un desafío importante en los campos clínico y de salud pública. Una de las principales preocupaciones es el impacto en la calidad de vida de un individuo. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de diversas intervenciones, incluida la actividad física y la dieta, en el tratamiento de la obesidad. Metodología: Los estudios seleccionados involucraron a una población de adultos obesos (de 18 años o más) que habían realizado modificaciones en su estilo de vida mediante cambios de patrones, alimentación, actividad física o ambas. Se examinaron un total de 324 artículos, de los cuales 25 eran duplicados. Después de un proceso de selección de idoneidad, se excluyeron 261 artículos. Se excluyeron otros 27 artículos debido a un diseño de estudio inadecuado o datos incompletos. Luego se revisó e incluyó en nuestro análisis un total de 11 artículos de texto completo. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes que siguieron una dieta a base de leche registraron una disminución significativa en el peso corporal de -1,16 kg (intervalo de confianza -1,66, -0,66 kg; p <0,001), así como una disminución en la masa grasa corporal de -1,49 kg. (intervalo de confianza -2,06, -0,92 kg; p < 0,001). Los participantes que adoptaron un patrón de alimentación de ayuno en días alternos (ADF) lograron una pérdida de peso promedio de -0,9% ± 0,6% en el grupo de baja pérdida de peso y -9,9% ± 1,1% en el grupo de baja pérdida de peso. Mientras tanto, los participantes que restringieron la ingesta de calorías (Restricción Calórica/CR) registraron una pérdida de peso de -1,3% ± 0,7% en el grupo de pérdida de peso baja y -9,2% ± 1,2% en el grupo de pérdida de peso de cuerpo alto. Combinar aproximadamente 175 minutos de actividad física intensa a la semana con una dieta controlada da como resultado una pérdida de peso significativa de hasta un 5%. En conclusión, esta revisión sistemática confirma que el enfoque más eficaz en el tratamiento de la obesidad en adultos es una combinación de entrenamiento de fuerza y cardiovascular de al menos 175 minutos por semana y una dieta baja en calorías adaptada a las necesidades metabólicas y al estado de salud del individuo.

Palabras clave: Manejo de la obesidad; eficacia de la dieta y el ejercicio; tratamiento de la obesidad; actividad fisica y perdida de peso

Abstract. Background and objectives: Obesity is a growing global health problem and is becoming a significant challenge in the clinical and public health fields. One of the main concerns is the impact on an individual's quality of life. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various interventions, including physical activity and diet, in the management of obesity. Methodology: The selected studies involved a population of adults who were obese (aged 18 years and over) and had made lifestyle modifications through pattern changes, eating, physical activity, or both. A total of 324 articles were screened, of which 25 were duplicates. After a screening process for suitability, 261 articles were excluded. A further 27 articles were excluded due to inappropriate study design or incomplete data. A total of 11 full-text articles were then reviewed and included in our analysis. The results showed that participants who followed a milk-based diet recorded a significant decrease in body weight of -1.16 kg (confidence interval -1.66, -0.66 kg; p < 0.001) as well as a decrease in body fat mass of -1.49 kg (confidence interval -2.06, -0.92 kg; p < 0.001). Participants who adopted an alternate day fasting (ADF) eating pattern achieved an average weight loss of -0.9% ± 0.6% in the low weight loss group and -9.9% ± 1.1% in the low weight loss group. Meanwhile, participants who restricted calorie intake (Caloric Restriction/CR) recorded a weight loss of -1.3% ± 0.7% in the low weight loss group and -9.2% ± 1.2% in the weight loss group tall body. Combining approximately 175 minutes of intense physical activity per week with a controlled diet results in significant weight loss of up to 5%. In conclusion, this systematic review confirms that the most effective approach in the management of obesity in adults is a combination of strength and cardiovascular training of at least 175 minutes per week and a low-calorie diet tailored to the individual's metabolic needs and health condition.

Keywords: Obesity management; diet and exercise efficacy; obesity treatment; physical activity and weight loss

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2024-09-01

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Pranoto, N. W. ., fauziah, varhatun, Anugrah, S. ., Fitriady, G. ., Setyawan, H. ., Geantă, V. A. ., Sibomana, A. ., & Ndayisenga, J. . (2024). La eficacia de la dieta y el ejercicio en el manejo de la obesidad (The effectiveness of diet and exercise in the management of obesity). Retos, 58, 951–959. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.105295

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Vol. 58 (2024)

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Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

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