Modelo de liberación de sprint progresivo del entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT): su efecto en el aumento de la velocidad, la capacidad aeróbica y la capacidad anaeróbica de los atletas (High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Progressive Sprint-Release Model: Its Effect in Increasing Speed, Aerobic Capacity, and Anaerobic Capacity of Athletes)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.104857Palabras clave:
Ejercicio de liberación progresiva del sprint, entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad, capacidad anaeróbica, capacidad aeróbica, velocidadResumen
Las habilidades físicas son uno de los aspectos más importantes que influyen en el éxito competitivo de un atleta. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar el efecto del modelo de sprint-liberación progresiva del entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) para aumentar la velocidad, la capacidad aeróbica y la capacidad anaeróbica de los atletas. El método de investigación utilizado es una investigación cuantitativa cuasiexperimental con un diseño de investigación, es decir, un diseño de grupo aleatorizado pretest-postest. Se utilizó una técnica de muestreo intencional para determinar los sujetos de la investigación con los criterios de atletas de rugby de entre 18 y 22 años, que hacían ejercicio regularmente seis veces por semana, estaban sanas y sin lesiones. Hubo 20 atletas que estuvieron dispuestos a ser sujetos de investigación y se dividieron en dos grupos al azar, es decir, 10 atletas en el grupo que se sometió al tratamiento de Entrenamiento en Intervalos de Alta Intensidad (HIIT) con el modelo de Liberación Progresiva de Sprint (PSRG) y otros 10 atletas. en el grupo control (GC). Tratamiento HIIT modelo Sprint-Release progresivo durante 8 semanas con frecuencia de entrenamiento 3 veces por semana. Los instrumentos de investigación utilizados fueron un sprint de 20 metros para medir la velocidad, un MFT para medir la capacidad aeróbica y un sprint de 300 metros para medir la capacidad anaeróbica. La técnica de análisis de datos utilizada fue la prueba t para muestras pareadas y la prueba t para muestras independientes, y se utilizó el software SPSS versión 25. Los resultados de la prueba t para muestras pareadas, que comparó el pretest con el postest en el grupo PSRG (pretest vs postest), mostraron un aumento significativo en la velocidad (3,99 ± 0,231 vs. 3,87 ± 0,253 segundos, p<0,05), capacidad aeróbica (29,23 ± 4,026 vs. 31,81 ± 4,346 ml/kg/min, p<0,05) y capacidad anaeróbica (75 ± 9,821 vs. 63,6 ± 6,736 segundos, p<0,05). Los resultados de la prueba t para muestras independientes mostraron que hubo diferencias significativas entre PSRG y CG en velocidad, capacidad aeróbica, y capacidad anaeróbica (p<0,05). En conclusión, el modelo HIIT Progressive Sprint-Release puede aumentar la velocidad, la capacidad aeróbica y la capacidad anaeróbica.
Palabras clave: Ejercicio de liberación progresiva del sprint; entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad; capacidad anaeróbica; capacidad aeróbica; velocidad.
Abstract. Physical abilities is one of the most important aspects influencing an athlete's competitive success. This research aims to determine the effect of the High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Progressive Sprint-Release model in increasing athletes' speed, aerobic capacity, and anaerobic capacity. The research method used is quasi-experimental quantitative research with a research design, namely a randomized pretest-posttest group design. Purposive sampling technique was used to determine research subjects with the criteria of female rugby athletes aged 18–22 years, exercising regularly six times per week, healthy, and without injuries. There were 20 athletes who were willing to be research subjects and were divided into two groups randomly, namely 10 athletes in the group that underwent the High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) treatment with the Progressive Sprint-Release (PSRG) model and 10 other athletes in the control group (CG). Progressive Sprint-Release model HIIT treatment for 8 weeks with training frequency 3 times a week. The research instruments used were a 20-meter sprint to measure speed, an MFT to measure aerobic capacity, and a 300-meter sprint to measure anaerobic capacity. Data analysis technique used was the paired sample t-test and the independent sample t-test, and SPSS software version 25 was used. The results of the paired sample t-test, which compared the pre-test with the post-test in the PSRG group (pre-test vs. post-test), showed a significant increase in speed (3.99 ± 0.231 vs. 3.87 ± 0.253 seconds, p<0.05), aerobic capacity (29.23 ± 4.026 vs. 31.81 ± 4.346 ml/kg/min, p<0.05), and anaerobic capacity (75 ± 9.821 vs. 63.6 ± 6.736 seconds, p<0.05). The results of the independent sample t-test showed that there were significant differences between PSRG and CG in speed (p<0.05), aerobic capacity (p<0.05), and anaerobic capacity (p<0.05). In conclusion, the HIIT Progressive Sprint-Release model can increase speed, aerobic capacity, and anaerobic capacity.
Keywords: Progressive sprint-release exercise; high-intensity interval training; anaerobic capacity; aerobic capacity; speed
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