¿Influye la categoría y posición de juego en las lesiones deportivas en fútbol? (Does the category and game position influence sports injuries in football?)

Autores/as

  • José M. Gamonales Universidad de Extremadura / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1,800, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, España / Programa de Doctorado en Educación y Tecnología Universidad a Distancia de Madrid, 28400 Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-1535
  • Víctor Hernández-Beltrán Universidad de Extremadura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7449-5734
  • Abian Perdomo-Alonso Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura / Real Madrid, C.F., Madrid, España
  • Jesús Barguerias-Martínez Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura / Real Madrid, C.F., Madrid, España
  • Sergio Gómez-Carrero Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura / Real Madrid, C.F., Madrid, España
  • Cátia C. Ferreira Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura / Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, ESE, CDP2T, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal
  • Fernando J. Santos Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, ESE, CDP2T, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal / Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV-Leiria), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal / Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1356-7853
  • Mário C. Espada Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, ESE, CDP2T, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal / Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal / CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4524-4784

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103513

Palabras clave:

Deporte de equipo, rendimiento, entrenamiento, posición, lesiones, prevención

Resumen

El fútbol es considerado un deporte de alta exigencia física, y, debido al aumento del volumen e intensidad de los procesos de entrenamiento se produce un aumento en el número de lesiones en los jugadores. Las actividades de ejecución y golpeo al balón con alta intensidad pueden ser las principales causas de las lesiones en los músculos y la ingle, mientras que los duelos por el balón pueden ser las actividades incitantes más comunes de las lesiones en el tobillo, siendo los miembros inferiores los que presentan mayor número de lesiones. El presente trabajo tiene como principal objetivo conocer la influencia de la categoría y posición de juego en las lesiones deportivas. Las variables dependientes analizadas fueron la categoría y la posición de juego. Las variables independientes fueron: Parte corporal dañada, tejido afectado, lado afectado y ocurrencia de la lesión. Los resultados muestran cómo se produce un incremento en el número de lesiones a medida que aumenta la categoría de los jugadores. Por el contrario, no se han encontrado diferencias significativas en función de las variables dependientes analizadas. Debido a la influencia de las lesiones en el rendimiento individual y global del equipo, se deben llevar a cabo programas de entrenamiento individualizado con la finalidad de realizar trabajo de prevención de lesiones.

Palabras clave: Deporte de equipo; rendimiento atlético; entrenamiento; posición; lesiones; prevención.

Abstract. Football is considered a highly physically demanding sport and due to the increase of the load and intensity in the training processes, there is an increase in the number of injuries to players. High-intensity ball striking and running activities may be the main causes of injuries to the muscles and groin. In contrast, duels for the ball may be the most common inciting activities for ankle injuries, being the lower limbs the ones with the highest number of injuries. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of category and position of play on sports injuries. The dependent variables analysed were category and playing position. The independent variables were body part injured, tissue affected, side affected, and occurrence of injury. The results show an increase in the number of injuries as the category of the players increases. On the other hand, no significant differences were found according to the dependent variables analysed. Due to the influence of injuries on individual and overall team performance, individualized training programmes should be carried out to carry out injury prevention work.

Key words: Team sport; athletic performance; training; position; injuries; prevention.

Citas

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Publicado

2024-03-23

Cómo citar

Gamonales, J. M., Hernández-Beltrán, V., Perdomo-Alonso, A., Barguerias-Martínez, J., Gómez-Carrero, S., Ferreira, C. C., Santos, F. J., & Espada, M. C. (2024). ¿Influye la categoría y posición de juego en las lesiones deportivas en fútbol? (Does the category and game position influence sports injuries in football?). Retos, 54, 817–824. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103513

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