Análisis de las técnicas efectivas en Taekwondo: Revisión sistemática exploratoria (Effective techniques analysis in taekwondo: A systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.102399Palabras clave:
Rendimiento, Arte Marcial, PRISMA-P, GolpeosResumen
El arte marcial del Taekwondo ha sido oficialmente un deporte olímpico desde los Juegos Olímpicos de Sydney 2000. El taekwondo es un deporte de combate donde el éxito técnico se debe principalmente a la potencia de la patada dirigida a golpear el pecho o el protector de cabeza. Los objetivos de esta investigación científica fueron: a) realizar una revisión sistemática relacionada con las técnicas efectivas en Taekwondo, y b) conocer las técnicas de uso obligatorio en el combate de taekwondo. La revisión se realizó según el protocolo PRISMA-P. Se utilizaron bases de datos electrónicas como: Web of Science, Scopus y SPORTDiscus, para buscar estudios publicados según las siguientes palabras clave: "Taekwondo" y "Técnica" publicados hasta el 31 de agosto de 2023. Para limitar la búsqueda, se conocían bien cuatro criterios de inclusión: i) solo se eligieron cuidadosamente los artículos científicos, ii) mencionar al menos algunas de las características del taekwondo (mínimo 50 palabras), iii) estar redactado en Inglés, Español o Portugués; y iv) texto completo accesible o resumo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 17 documentos. En conclusión, los documentos seleccionados han permitido identificar y resaltar diferentes tipos de documentos, que logran el estudio del taekwondo asociado a técnica. La técnica de taekwondo más estudiada es la patada circular (Terminología coreana: “bandal chagui” - patada al protector de pecho o “dollyo chagui” - patada al casco).
Palabra clave: Rendimiento, Arte Marcial, PRISMA-P, Golpeos.
Abstract. The Korean martial art Taekwondo has been an official Olympic sport since the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Taekwondo is a full contact combat sport where the majority of successful techniques are powerful kicks, which are delivered by hitting the opponent’s chest gear or the head. The aims of this research were: a) carry out a systematic review related to the effective techniques in Taekwondo, and b) know the must use techniques in taekwondo combat. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA-P protocol. The Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus electronics databases were explored for pertinent published studies according to the following keywords: “Taekwondo” and “Technique”, published up to 31st August 2023. To boundary the search, four inclusion criteria were admitted: i) select only documents from scientific journals, ii) mention at least some of the techniques of Taekwondo (minimum 50 words), iii) journal documents published in English, Spanish and Portuguese, and iv) full text accessible or abstract availability. The sample consisted of 17 documents. In conclusion, the selected documents have allowed the identification and highlighting of different kinds of documents, which report the study of taekwondo associated with technique. The technique most studied in taekwondo is the roundhouse kick (Korean terminology: “bandal chagui” - kick to the chest gear or “dollyo chagui” - kick to the helmet gear).
Keywords: Performance, Martial art, PRISMA-P, Kicks.
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