Práctica de karate: soluciones empoderadoras para mitigar el acoso escolar en edad escolar (Karate practice: empowering solutions to mitigate school-age bullying)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.101908

Palabras clave:

karate, arte marcial, acoso escolar, victimización, agresión, proactividad

Resumen

El karate es un arte marcial y se sabe que su práctica promueve beneficios cognitivos, afectivos, sociales y conductuales, incluso en niños. El acoso escolar se ha configurado en los últimos años como un problema de salud pública que puede afectar seriamente a los niños en edad escolar y a los jóvenes. Aunque la práctica del karate está positivamente relacionada con el desarrollo biopsicosocial de los niños y adolescentes, se sabe poco sobre su impacto en los comportamientos de acoso entre compañeros en edad escolar. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la influencia de las prácticas de karate en las respuestas psicosociales de los niños con respecto a episodios de victimización, agresión y observación de comportamientos de acoso. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 336 niños portugueses (79 karatekas y 257 no practicantes de karate). Los datos se examinaron utilizando la prueba de Chi-cuadrado o la prueba de Fisher y la prueba V de Cramer. En lo que respecta al fenómeno del acoso escolar, nuestros resultados muestran que los practicantes de karate difieren de los no practicantes por el menor número de veces que son víctimas de agresiones (p <0.05), mostrándose más resistentes en el proceso de victimización. Se recomienda la práctica del karate para los niños como una forma de ayudar en su desarrollo psicosocial.

Palabras clave: karate, arte marcial, acoso escolar, victimización, agresión, proactividad.

Abstract. Karate is a martial art and it is known that its practice promotes cognitive, affective, social, and behavioral benefits, including in children. Bullying has been configured in recent years as a public health problem that can seriously affect school-age children and young people. Although the practice of karate is positively associated with the biopsychosocial development of children and adolescents, little is known about its impact on bullying behaviors among school-age peers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of karate practices on the psychosocial responses of children regarding episodes of victimization, aggression, and observation of bullying behaviors. A questionnaire was applied to 336 Portuguese children (79 karatekas and 257 non-karate practitioners). The data were examined using the Chi-square test or the Fisher test and the V Cramer test. Concerning the bullying phenomenon, our results show that karate practitioners differ from non-practitioners by the lower number of times they are victims of aggression (p <0.05), /showing to be more resilient in the victimization process. Karate practice is recommended for children as a way to assist their psychosocial development.

Key words: karate, martial art, bullying, victimization, aggression, proactivity

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Publicado

2024-04-01

Cómo citar

Simões, H., Santos, P., Pereira, B., & Figueiredo, A. (2024). Práctica de karate: soluciones empoderadoras para mitigar el acoso escolar en edad escolar (Karate practice: empowering solutions to mitigate school-age bullying). Retos, 53, 618–627. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.101908

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

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