Caracterización del desempeño en diferentes tareas motrices en personas con demencia – funcionamiento ejecutivo como determinante (Characterization of performance in different motor tasks in people with dementia – executive functioning as a determinant)

Autores/as

  • Marlene Rosa School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology
  • Susana Lopes Universidade de Salamanca
  • Natália Martins Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.100006

Palabras clave:

demencia, rendimiento motor, funciones ejecutivas, miembros superiores

Resumen

Introducción: Existe un interés creciente por el estudio del funcionamiento ejecutivo y su papel en el rendimiento motor de las personas con demencia, así como por la valoración diferencial de las tareas motoras, según su tipología. Objetivo: caracterizar el desempeño de personas con demencia en tareas motrices continuas y discretas, según el perfil de funciones ejecutivas. Metodología: Se reclutaron ancianos institucionalizados con diagnóstico de demencia (leve/moderado), capaces de comprender órdenes simples. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y se realizó una evaluación de la función ejecutiva (Batería de Evaluación Frontal). Posteriormente, se midió el desempeño en una tarea discreta (EUROFIT) y continua (TaTi). Se caracterizó la función ejecutiva de los participantes (med.; IIQ[Q3-Q1]; freq.; %), se analizó la variabilidad entre intentos en las dos tareas, así como la diferencia entre el mejor desempeño (Wilcoxon Prueba). La muestra se dividió en dos partes considerando la mediana en cada tarea y se compararon los valores FAB (Mann-Whitney). Resultados: De los 29 participantes reclutados, solo 26 completaron al menos un intento tanto para EUROFIT como para TaTi. Las dificultades más frecuentes y graves (puntuación 0;1) en la FAB fueron la fluidez léxica (78 %) y las instrucciones contradictorias (70 %). La variabilidad entre ensayos (p=0,018) solo fue significativa en EUROFIT. Las diferencias en el rendimiento entre tareas fueron significativas (p=0,01). El subgrupo con peor desempeño en el EUROFIT>505.60, presenta valores significativamente más bajos en el FAB (p=0.028). Conclusión: Los participantes del presente estudio mostraron un desempeño estadísticamente más positivo y menor variabilidad en la tarea discreta.

Palabras clave: demencia; rendimiento de motor; funciones ejecutivas; miembros superiores.

Abstract. Introduction: There is a growing interest in the study of executive functioning and its role in motor performance in people with dementia, as well as in the differential assessment of motor tasks, according to their typology. Objective: to characterize the performance of people with dementia during continuous and discrete motor tasks, according to the profile of executive functions. Methodology: Institutionalized elderly diagnosed with dementia (mild/moderate stage), capable of understanding simple commands, were recruited. Sociodemographic data were collected and an executive function assessment (Frontal Assessment Battery) was conducted. Subsequently, performance was measured in a discrete task (Disk Test, EUROFIT) and in a continuous task (TaTi evaluation kit). The executive function of the participants was characterized (med.; IIQ[Q3-Q1]; freq., %), the variability between attempts in the two tasks was analyzed, as well as the difference between the best performance in the two (Wilcoxon Test). The sample was divided into two parts considering the median in each task and the FAB values ​​were compared (Mann-Whitney). Results: Of the 29 participants recruited, only 26 completed at least one attempt for both EUROFIT and TaTi. The most common and severe difficulties (score 0;1) in the FAB were lexical fluency (78%) and conflicting instructions (70%). Intertrial variability (p=0.018) was only significant in EUROFIT. Differences in performance between tasks were significant (p=0.01). The subgroup with the worst performance in the EUROFIT>505.60, presents significantly lower values ​​in FAB (p=0.028). Conclusion: The participants of the present study showed a statistically more positive performance and less variability in the discrete task.

Key-words: dementia; motor performance; executive functions; upper limbs.

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Publicado

2023-09-15

Cómo citar

Rosa, M., Lopes, S. ., & Martins, N. (2023). Caracterización del desempeño en diferentes tareas motrices en personas con demencia – funcionamiento ejecutivo como determinante (Characterization of performance in different motor tasks in people with dementia – executive functioning as a determinant). Retos, 50, 651–659. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.100006

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas