Characterization of performance in different motor tasks in people with dementia – executive functioning as a determinant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.100006Keywords:
dementia, motor performance, executive functions, upper limbsAbstract
Introduction: There is a growing interest in the study of executive functioning and its role in motor performance in people with dementia, as well as in the differential assessment of motor tasks, according to their typology. Objective: to characterize the performance of people with dementia during continuous and discrete motor tasks, according to the profile of executive functions. Methodology: Institutionalized elderly diagnosed with dementia (mild/moderate stage), capable of understanding simple commands, were recruited. Sociodemographic data were collected and an executive function assessment (Frontal Assessment Battery) was conducted. Subsequently, performance was measured in a discrete task (Disk Test, EUROFIT) and in a continuous task (TaTi evaluation kit). The executive function of the participants was characterized (med.; IIQ[Q3-Q1]; freq., %), the variability between attempts in the two tasks was analyzed, as well as the difference between the best performance in the two (Wilcoxon Test). The sample was divided into two parts considering the median in each task and the FAB values were compared (Mann-Whitney). Results: Of the 29 participants recruited, only 26 completed at least one attempt for both EUROFIT and TaTi. The most common and severe difficulties (score 0;1) in the FAB were lexical fluency (78%) and conflicting instructions (70%). Intertrial variability (p=0.018) was only significant in EUROFIT. Differences in performance between tasks were significant (p=0.01). The subgroup with the worst performance in the EUROFIT>505.60, presents significantly lower values in FAB (p=0.028). Conclusion: The participants of the present study showed a statistically more positive performance and less variability in the discrete task.
Key-words: dementia; motor performance; executive functions; upper limbs.
References
Adams, J. A. (1987). Historical review and appraisal of research on the learning, retention, and transfer of human motor skills. Psychological Bulletin, 101(1), 41–74. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.101.1.41
Bank, P. J. M., Marinus, J., Tol, R. M., Groeneveld, I. F., Goossens, P. H., Groot, J. H., Hilten, J. J., & Meskers, C. G. M. (2018). Cognitive‐motor interference during goal‐directed upper‐limb movements. European Journal of Neurosci-ence, 48(10), 3146–3158. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14168
Baum, C. M., Edwards, D. F., Leavitt, K., Grant, E., & Deuel, R. M. (1988). Performance Components in Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type: Motor Planning, Language, and Memory. The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 8(6), 356–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/153944928800800603
Beauchet, O., Allali, G., Montero-Odasso, M., Sejdić, E., Fantino, B., & Annweiler, C. (2014). Motor Phenotype of De-cline in Cognitive Performance among Community-Dwellers without Dementia: Population-Based Study and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 9(6), e99318. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099318
Bruce-Keller, A. J., Brouillette, R. M., Tudor-Locke, C., Foil, H. C., Gahan, W. P., Nye, D. M., Guillory, L., & Keller, J. N. (2012). Relationship Between Cognitive Domains, Physical Performance, and Gait in Elderly and Demented Sub-jects. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 30(4), 899–908. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2012-120025
Chandra, S. R., Issac, T. G., & Abbas, M. M. (2015). Apraxias in Neurodegenerative Dementias. Indian Journal of Psycho-logical Medicine, 37(1), 42–47. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.150817
Dick, M. B., Hsieh, S., Bricker, J., & Dick-Muehlke, C. (2003). Facilitating acquisition and transfer of a continuous motor task in healthy older adults and patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychology, 17(2), 202–212. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.17.2.202
Dubois, B., Slachevsky, A., Litvan, I., & Pillon, B. (2000). The FAB: A frontal assessment battery at bedside. Neurology, 55(11), 1621–1626. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.55.11.1621
Duke, L. M., & Kaszniak, A. W. (2000). Executive control functions in degenerative dementias: a comparative review. Neuropsychology Review, 10(2), 75–99. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009096603879
Farias, S. T., Harrell, E., Neumann, C., & Houtz, A. (2003). The relationship between neuropsychological performance and daily functioning in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease: ecological validity of neuropsychological tests. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 18(6), 655–672.
Gorus, E., De Raedt, R., Lambert, M., Lemper, J.-C., & Mets, T. (2008). Reaction Times and Performance Variability in Normal Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 21(3), 204–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891988708320973
Guerreiro, M. (2010). Testes de rastreio de defeito cognitivo e demência: Uma perspectiva prática. Revista Portuguesa de Clínica Geral, 26(1), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.32385/rpmgf.v26i1.10711
Gupta, A., Prakash, N. B., & Sannyasi, G. (2021). Rehabilitation in Dementia. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 43(5_suppl), S37–S47. https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176211033316
Leandro Ferreira, & Sebastião Gobbi. (2003). Agilidade geral e agilidade de membros superiores em mulheres de terceira idade treinadas e não treinadas. Rev. Bras. Cineantropom. Desempenho Hum., 5(1).
Lima, C. F., Meireles, L. P., Fonseca, R., Castro, S. L., & Garrett, C. (2008). The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) in Parkinson’s disease and correlations with formal measures of executive functioning. Journal of Neurology, 255(11), 1756–1761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-008-0024-6
Masiá, C. R., & Moreno Hernández, F. J. (2021). Aprendizaje guiado por constreñimientos y modulación de la dificultad de práctica: Una propuesta de caso para el entrenamiento de la técnica en Gimnasia Rítmica (Constraints-led approach learning and practice complexity modulation: A case proposal for te. Retos, 42, 906–915. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.81077
Matur, Z., & Oge, A. E. (2017). Sensorimotor Integration During Motor Learning: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies. Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi, 54(4), 358–363. https://doi.org/10.5152/npa.2016.18056
Mc Ardle, R., Galna, B., Donaghy, P., Thomas, A., & Rochester, L. (2019). Do Alzheimer’s and Lewy body disease have discrete pathological signatures of gait? Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 15(10), 1367–1377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.4953
Meijer, E., Casanova, M., Kim, H., Llena-Nozal, A., & Lee, J. (2022). Economic costs of dementia in 11 countries in Eu-rope: Estimates from nationally representative cohorts of a panel study. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, 20, 100445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100445
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The Unity and Di-versity of Executive Functions and Their Contributions to Complex “Frontal Lobe” Tasks: A Latent Variable Analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49–100. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
Miyazaki, A., Ito, Y., Okuyama, T., Mori, H., Sato, K., Ichiki, M., Hiyama, A., Dinet, J., & Nouchi, R. (2023). Associa-tion between upper limb movements during drumming and cognition in older adults with cognitive impairment and de-mentia at a nursing home: a pilot study. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2023.1079781
Nef, T., Chesham, A., Schütz, N., Botros, A. A., Vanbellingen, T., Burgunder, J.-M., Müllner, J., Martin Müri, R., & Urwyler, P. (2020). Development and Evaluation of Maze-Like Puzzle Games to Assess Cognitive and Motor Function in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00087
Richard A. Magill. (1993). Motor Learning: Concepts and Applications (4th ed.). Brown & Benchmark.
Richard Schmidt, & Tim Lee. (1988). Motor Control and Learning: A Behavioral Emphasisis (2nd ed.). Publisher, Human Kinetics.
Rosa, M., Marinho, R., Gordo, S., & Pocinho, R. (2021). O jogo como sistema de avaliação no idoso institucionalizado – um estudo piloto (El juego como sistema de evaluación en ancianos institucionalizados - estudio piloto) (Game performance to assess elderly people in long term care – a pilot study). Retos, 43, 370–378. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.89551
Rosa, M. N., Gordo, S., Pocinho, R., & Marinho, R. (2021). Uso de um jogo de tabuleiro na reabilitação dos membros superiores de idosos institucionalizados em Portugal: um estudo piloto quase-experimental. Revista Pesquisa Em Fisioterapia, 11(4), 657–670. https://doi.org/10.17267/2238-2704rpf.v11i4.3944
Rycroft, S. S., Quach, L. T., Ward, R. E., Pedersen, M. M., Grande, L., & Bean, J. F. (2019). The Relationship Between Cognitive Impairment and Upper Extremity Function in Older Primary Care Patients. The Journals of Gerontology: Se-ries A, 74(4), 568–574. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly246
Schambra, H. M., Parnandi, A., Pandit, N. G., Uddin, J., Wirtanen, A., & Nilsen, D. M. (2019). A Taxonomy of Func-tional Upper Extremity Motion. Frontiers in Neurology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00857
Scherder, E., Dekker, W., & Eggermont, L. (2008). Higher-Level Hand Motor Function in Aging and (Preclinical) Demen-tia: Its Relationship with (Instrumental) Activities of Daily Life – A Mini-Review. Gerontology, 54(6), 333–341. https://doi.org/10.1159/000168203
Sheridan, P. L., Solomont, J., Kowall, N., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2003). Influence of Executive Function on Locomotor Func-tion: Divided Attention Increases Gait Variability in Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51(11), 1633–1637. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51516.x
Taylor, M. E., Lasschuit, D. A., Lord, S. R., Delbaere, K., Kurrle, S. E., Mikolaizak, A. S., Kvelde, T., & Close, J. C. T. (2017). Slow gait speed is associated with executive function decline in older people with mild to moderate dementia: A one year longitudinal study. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 73, 148–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.07.023
Trautwein, S., Barisch-Fritz, B., Scharpf, A., Bossers, W., Meinzer, M., Steib, S., Stein, T., Bös, K., Stahn, A., Niessner, C., Altmann, S., Wittelsberger, R., & Woll, A. (2019a). Recommendations for assessing motor performance in indi-viduals with dementia: suggestions of an expert panel – a qualitative approach. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 16(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-019-0212-7
Trautwein, S., Barisch-Fritz, B., Scharpf, A., Bossers, W., Meinzer, M., Steib, S., Stein, T., Bös, K., Stahn, A., Niessner, C., Altmann, S., Wittelsberger, R., & Woll, A. (2019b). Recommendations for assessing motor performance in indi-viduals with dementia: suggestions of an expert panel – a qualitative approach. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 16(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-019-0212-7
van Halteren-van Tilborg, I. A. D. A., Scherder, E. J. A., & Hulstijn, W. (2007). Motor-Skill Learning in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review with an Eye to the Clinical Practice. Neuropsychology Review, 17(3), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-007-9030-1
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.