El desempeño en el juego Laberinto en evaluación de ancianos – estudio piloto (Performance in Maze board game to assess elderly people– pilot study)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94983

Palabras clave:

envejecimento, evaluacion, movilidade funcional, miedo de caer, capacidad cognitiva, juego, terapia recreativa, caminar

Resumen

El envejecimiento de la población es una realidad cada vez más presente en Portugal. En ese proceso, es natural identificar el declive funcional y la disminución de la autonomía en las Actividades de la Vida Diaria (AVD’s). La evaluación de las capacidades físicas y cognitivas es de extrema importancia para el anciano. Objetivo: Caracterizar la habilidad del Juego Laberinto como indicador de movilidad funcional, capacidad cognitiva y miedo a caer en adultos mayores. Metodología: Se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia de 13 individuos con una edad media de 80,92 ± 6,24 años, con capacidad conservada para caminar en distancias cortas. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron: Timed up y Go (TUG) para evaluar la movilidad funcional; la prueba de deterioro cognitivo de seis ítems (6-CIT) para evaluar la capacidad cognitiva; la Escala de Eficacia de Caídas (FES) para evaluar el miedo a caerse; el juego del laberinto. Resultados: Las correlaciones obtenidas fueron fuertes entre la movilidad funcional (TUG) y el desempeño del juego (r=0,765; p=0,002), la capacidad cognitiva (6-CIT) y el desempeño del juego (r=0,622; p =0,023), el miedo a caer (FES) y el desempeño del juego (r=0,666; p=0,013). Conclusión: Los resultados observados demuestran el alto potencial del Juego Laberinto como instrumento para evaluar la movilidad funcional, la capacidad cognitiva y el miedo a caer. Futuros trabajos deberán incluir muestras más amplias, con ancianos insertos en la comunidad.

Palabras clave: Envejecimiento, evaluación, movilidad funcional, miedo a caer, capacidad cognitiva, juego, terapia recreativa, caminar.

Abstract. The aging of the Portuguese population is an increasingly present reality in Portugal. In this process, it is natural to identify some functional decline and the decreased autonomy in Activities of Daily Living (ADL’s). The assessment of physical and cognitive abilities reveals to be extremely important for the elderly. Objective: To characterize the Maze Game skill as an indicator of functional mobility, cognitive ability and fear of falling in elderly people with social response. Methodology: A convenience sample of 13 individuals with a mean age of 80.92 ± 6.24 years was selected, with preserved walking ability in short distances. The following instruments were implemented: the Timed up and Go (TUG) to assess functional mobility; the Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT) to assess cognitive ability; the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) to assess fear of fall; and the Maze. Results: The correlations obtained were strong between functional mobility (TUG) and the performance of the Maze game (r=0.765; p=0.002), the cognitive capacity (6-CIT) and the performance of the Maze game (r=0.622; p =0.023), fear of falling (FES) and the performance of the Maze game (r=0.666; p=0.013). Conclusion: The study’s results demonstrate high potential considering the Maze Game as an instrument to assess functional mobility, cognitive ability and fear of falling. Future works should include broader samples, with elderly people inserted in the community.

Key words: Aging, assessment, functional mobility, fear of falling, cognitive ability, games, recreation therapy, gait.

Resumo. O envelhecimento da população é uma realidade cada vez mais presente em Portugal. Neste processo é natural identificar o declínio funcional e a diminuição da autonomia nas Atividades da Vida Diária (AVD’s), A avaliação das capacidades físicas e cognitivas revelam-se de extrema importância para o idoso. Objetivo: Caracterizar a habilidade do Jogo Labirinto como indicador de mobilidade funcional, capacidade cognitiva e medo de cair em idosos institucionalizados. Metodologia: Foi selecionada uma amostra, por conveniência, de 13 indivíduos com idade média de 80.92 6.24 anos, com capacidade de deambulação em curtas distâncias preservada. Os instrumentos aplicados foram: Timed up and Go (TUG) para avaliar a mobilidade funcional; o Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT) para avaliar a capacidade cognitiva; a Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) para avaliar o medo de cair; o Jogo Labirinto. Resultados: As correlações obtidas foram fortes entre a mobilidade funcional (TUG) e a performance do jogo Labirinto (r=0.765; p=0.002), a capacidade cognitiva (6-CIT) e a performance do jogo Labirinto (r=0.622; p=0.023), medo de cair (FES) e a performance do jogo Labirinto (r=0.666; p=0.013). Conclusão: Os resultados observados demonstram o potencial elevado do Jogo labirinto como instrumento para avaliar a mobilidade funcional, a capacidade cognitiva e o medo de cair. Futuros trabalhos devem incluir amostras mais vastas, com idosos inseridos na comunidade.

Palavras Chave: Envelhecimento, avaliação, mobilidade funcional, medo de cair, capacidade cognitiva, jogo, terapia recreativa, marcha.

 

Resumen. El envejecimiento de la población es una realidad cada vez más presente en Portugal. En ese proceso, es natural identificar el declive funcional y la disminución de la autonomía en las Actividades de la Vida Diaria (AVD’s). La evaluación de las capacidades físicas y cognitivas es de extrema importancia para el anciano. Objetivo: Caracterizar la habilidad del Juego Laberinto como indicador de movilidad funcional, capacidad cognitiva y miedo a caer en adultos mayores. Metodología: Se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia de 13 individuos con una edad media de 80,92 ± 6,24 años, con capacidad conservada para caminar en distancias cortas. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron: Timed up y Go (TUG) para evaluar la movilidad funcional; la prueba de deterioro cognitivo de seis ítems (6-CIT) para evaluar la capacidad cognitiva; la Escala de Eficacia de Caídas (FES) para evaluar el miedo a caerse; el juego del laberinto. Resultados: Las correlaciones obtenidas fueron fuertes entre la movilidad funcional (TUG) y el desempeño del juego (r=0,765; p=0,002), la capacidad cognitiva (6-CIT) y el desempeño del juego (r=0,622; p =0,023), el miedo a caer (FES) y el desempeño del juego (r=0,666; p=0,013). Conclusión: Los resultados observados demuestran el alto potencial del Juego Laberinto como instrumento para evaluar la movilidad funcional, la capacidad cognitiva y el miedo a caer. Futuros trabajos deberán incluir muestras más amplias, con ancianos insertos en la comunidad.

Palabras clave: Envejecimiento, evaluación, movilidad funcional, miedo a caer, capacidad cognitiva, juego, terapia recreativa, caminar.

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Publicado

2022-09-28

Cómo citar

Rosa, M., Lopes, S. L., & Cavaleiro, A. (2022). El desempeño en el juego Laberinto en evaluación de ancianos – estudio piloto (Performance in Maze board game to assess elderly people– pilot study). Retos, 46, 1046–1055. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.94983

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas