Fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario SAPF y del pictograma de Stunkard en población mayor española

Autores/as

  • D. Martínez-Aldao Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y el Deporte. Universidad de Vigo. España https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4057-0721
  • J. Diz Grupo de Investigación Well-Move. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y el Deporte. Universidad de Vigo. Pontevedra. España.
  • S. Varela Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y el Deporte. Departamento de Didácticas Especiales. Universidad de Vigo. Pontevedra. España. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-3291
  • M.A. Sanchez-Lastra Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y el Deporte. Departamento de Didácticas Especiales. Universidad de Vigo. Pontevedra. España. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7457-3475
  • C. Ayán Pérez Grupo de Investigación Well-Move. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y el Deporte. Universidad de Vigo. Pontevedra. España. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3374-843X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.0956

Palabras clave:

Autopercepción, Cuestionario, Forma física, Adultos mayores, Satisfacción corporal

Resumen

Fundamento. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario SAPF y del pictograma de Stunkard para conocer la forma física autopercibida y el grado de insatisfacción corporal en un grupo de personas mayores españolas.

Método. Ambos instrumentos se adaptaron al castellano y se administraron dos veces a un grupo de 86 personas mayores. Su fiabilidad y validez se evaluaron con el índice de correlación intraclase (CCI), el alfa de Cronbach y el coeficiente rho de Spearman, a partir del nivel de forma física de los participantes y de su índice de masa corporal (IMC). La comparación de las variables con distribución normal se realizó mediante ANOVA.

Resultados. El cuestionario y el pictograma mostraron una buena fiabilidad test-retest (CCI = 0,78 y CCI = 0,8 respectivamente). La puntuación del SAPF y el nivel de forma física mostraron asociación débil (rho = 0,424) y la autopercepción de la propia composición corporal y el IMC, moderadamente fuerte (rho = 0,727). La forma física autopercibida del 59,5 % de la muestra fue normal, del 11,4 % mala y del 29,1 % buena. Solo el 27,06 % se mostró satisfecho con su imagen corporal, el resto mostró su deseo de bajar de peso el equivalente a uno (47,1 %), dos (22,4 %) o tres o más puntos (3,5 %) en el pictograma.

Conclusiones. La adaptación al castellano de los dos instrumentos mostró fiabilidad y validez, permitiendo conocer que gran parte de la muestra se mostró insatisfecha con su imagen corporal, aspecto sobre el que el IMC ejerció una influencia significativa.

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Citas

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Publicado

2021-12-27

Cómo citar

Martínez-Aldao, D., Diz, J., Varela, S., Sanchez-Lastra, M., & Ayán Pérez, C. (2021). Fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario SAPF y del pictograma de Stunkard en población mayor española. Anales Del Sistema Sanitario De Navarra, 44(3), 327–337. https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.0956

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