Factores de riesgo de deterioro cognitivo asociado a cáncer en pacientes con carcinoma de mama y colon que reciben tratamiento con quimioterapia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1040Palabras clave:
Disfunción cognitiva, Neoplasia, Factor de riesgo, Quimioterapia, Polimorfismo genéticoResumen
Fundamento. Nuestro estudio se plantea con el objetivo de evaluar el impacto de diferentes factores individuales sobre el deterioro cognitivo relacionado con el cáncer en pacientes tratados con quimioterapia.
Material y métodos. Estudio unicéntrico longitudinal prospectivo. Incluyó pacientes con carcinoma de mama y colon tratados con quimioterapia. Se recogieron variables clínicas y genéticas del paciente (polimorfismos de nucleótido simple, SNP). Los pacientes fueron evaluados neurocognitivamente con once test validados, en tres momentos: basal previo a quimioterapia (M0), entre una y cuatro semanas tras finalizar quimioterapia (M1) y entre 24-30 semanas tras finalizar quimioterapia (M2).
Resultados. Se incluyeron 62 pacientes, 82% mujeres, con mediana de edad de 56 años (rango 30-74), un 64,5% con cáncer de mama. La edad <55 años, tener estudios superiores, ausencia de comorbilidades y presencia de la variante CC de rs471692 (TOP2A) se asociaron, en general, con mejores resultados cognitivos en M0. Se observó un empeoramiento significativo de M0 a M1 en los test RAVLT y Letras y números, y recuperación en M2 respecto a M0 en los test de memoria visual, FAST, clave de números, y cubos. La edad ≥55 años, la quimioterapia adyuvante, las comorbilidades, el consumo de tabaco y de alcohol y la variante GT de rs1800795 se relacionaron con el deterioro entre M0 y M1 en el modelo multivariante.
Conclusiones. La edad mayor de 55 años, el sexo femenino, la presencia de comorbilidades y el nivel básico de estudios se relacionan con un mayor riesgo de deterioro cognitivo tras el tratamiento con quimioterapia.
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