Impacto de la composición corporal y del estado psicológico en las funciones ejecutivas de personas con obesidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1113Palabras clave:
Antropometría, Cognición, Neuropsicología, Obesidad. Salud MentalResumen
Fundamento. El objetivo es examinar la relación entre variables antropométricas y psicológicas con las funciones ejecutivas en personas con obesidad.
Método. Se reclutaron personas adultas con obesidad en Alicante (España). Se realizó una entrevista para recoger los datos sociodemográficos (sexo, edad, nivel de estudios, estado civil y situación laboral), así como una evaluación antropométrica en la que se midió el peso, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la grasa visceral, la masa grasa (MG) y la masa muscular (MM). La evaluación psicológica se realizó mediante el DASS-21 y la cognitiva de las funciones ejecutivas mediante el M-WCST (flexibilidad cognitiva), WAIS-IV (memoria de trabajo), TMTA (velocidad de procesamiento) y TMTB (control inhibitorio).
Resultados. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 48 personas, 52% mujeres, y media de edad 47,58 años, más frecuentemente con estudios secundarios, casadas y empleadas. Las mujeres tuvieron mayor peso, IMC y MG (% y kg). Los modelos de regresión lineal múltiple mostraron influencias significativas de las variables antropométricas peso, IMC, grasa visceral, MG y MM en el rendimiento de la memoria de trabajo, la velocidad de procesamiento y el control inhibitorio, así como de la ansiedad en la flexibilidad cognitiva y la memoria de trabajo, y de la depresión en el control inhibitorio.
Conclusiones. Las variables antropométricas peso, IMC, grasa visceral, MG y MM influyeron en el rendimiento de la memoria de trabajo, velocidad de procesamiento y control inhibitorio, mientras que la ansiedad influyó en la flexibilidad cognitiva y la memoria de trabajo, y la depresión en el control inhibitorio.
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