Cómo fomentar la práctica de ejercicio físico a través de los deberes activos en estudiantes universitarios (How to promote exercise among university students through active homework)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.72110Palavras-chave:
Ejercicio físico, deberes activos, educación para la salud, estilo de vida (Physical exercise, Active-homework, health education, lifestyle)Resumo
En España el sedentarismo y la inactividad física son elevados en población adulta e infantil, lo que puede influir en las elevadas tasas de sobrepeso y obesidad. El objetivo fue valorar la acogida de los alumnos ante una intervención sobre los hábitos de ejercicio físico a través de los deberes activos y obtener información para el diseño del estudio principal. Así como innovar en estrategias educativas en el ámbito universitario para el fomento y la concienciación de los hábitos saludables. Desde la asignatura de educación para la salud, optativa del grado en educación primaria, especialidad de educación física, se propuso abordar la problemática del sedentarismo y la inactividad física a través de los deberes activos. Los alumnos (n=47) debían realizar un registro de ejercicio físico, cumpliendo con las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, de manera semanal, a lo largo de toda la asignatura. Para realizar dicho registro los alumnos podían utilizar, en función de la actividad realizada, aplicaciones móviles, pulsómetros o pulseras de actividad, entre otros. Se utilizó la información del registro de los alumnos, así como el foro virtual de la asignatura para la recogida de información. Con los resultados obtenidos en el proyecto piloto se ha diseñado la intervención para el estudio principal, en el que se recogerán diversos parámetros relacionados con el estado de salud, la actividad física y el sedentarismo, con mayor tamaño muestral, diferenciando entre grupo control y grupo intervención. Los deberes activos para la promoción del ejercicio físico han resultado ser un trabajo motivante e innovador, que permite el aprendizaje significativo, positivo para el alumno en el aprendizaje, la salud, y el futuro laboral como maestro.
Abstract. Sedentarism, physical inactivity, and unhealthy eating habits are lifestyle factors that could have an influence on health status. In Spain, sedentarism and physical inactivity are high in both adults and children, which could have a role in the elevated rates of overweight and obesity in these populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an intervention promoting healthy habits to improve students’ global health status by means of the methodology of active homework, as well as to work on self-evaluation as a competence. Moreover, to introduce innovative educational strategies promoting and raising awareness on healthy habits at the university level. From the subject of education for health, an elective course within the bachelor program in primary education, specialty of physical education, we attempt to solve the problem of sedentarism and physical inactivity with active homework. Students (n=47) were asked to create a weekly log of their physical exercise throughout the duration of the course, according to the World Health Organization recommendations. To make this log, students could use apps, heart rate monitors, activity wristbands, etcetera. Students’ log information was combined with that obtained from a virtual forum of the course. We designed the intervention for the principal study based on the results from the pilot project, including the collection of health parameters related with physical activity and sedentarism. The intervention was applied to a larger sample, split into control and intervention groups. The active homework represented a motivational and innovative means to promote physical exercise, giving students the chance to acquire significative learnings, which are positive during the teaching-learning process, as well as better health and professional future.
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