Atividades ao ar livre e ambientes ao ar livre para condicionamento físico e saúde mental: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.108730Palavras-chave:
Physical activity, outdoor activity, fitness, mental healthResumo
As atividades ao ar livre e os ambientes ao ar livre têm sido reconhecidos como fatores importantes no apoio à aptidão física e à saúde mental. Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar a literatura existente sobre os efeitos das atividades ao ar livre e dos ambientes ao ar livre na aptidão física e na saúde mental, utilizando um método de revisão sistemática. Os distúrbios de saúde mental são uma das principais causas de incapacidade em todo o mundo, enquanto a aptidão física é importante para realizar atividades sem fadiga significativa. Vários estudos demonstraram que a atividade física proporciona benefícios significativos para o bem-estar físico, emocional e psicológico. A estratégia de busca utilizou as bases de dados Science Direct, Pubmed e Scopus seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA. A busca retornou 4.917 publicações, mas após o processo de seleção, apenas sete artigos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os estudos revisados também mostraram que atividades regulares ao ar livre podem contribuir para melhorar o condicionamento físico, incluindo aumento da força muscular e do condicionamento cardiovascular. Em termos de saúde mental, as atividades ao ar livre estão associadas à redução dos níveis de ansiedade e depressão, bem como ao aumento da autoconfiança e da satisfação com a vida. Esta investigação destaca a importância de conceber e implementar programas de fitness que aproveitem o ambiente ao ar livre, bem como incentivar as pessoas a participarem em atividades regulares ao ar livre. O estudo também destaca a importância de intervenções baseadas na natureza para melhorar a aptidão física e a saúde mental de adultos e adolescentes. Estas descobertas fornecem uma base para os decisores políticos e profissionais de saúde promoverem a utilização de ambientes exteriores como meio de melhorar a aptidão física e a saúde mental. Os resultados podem servir de base para o desenvolvimento de estratégias eficazes de promoção da saúde através de interações com a natureza.
Palavras-chave: Atividade física, atividade ao ar livre, aptidão física, saúde mental.
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