La potenciación post-activación en el salto vertical: una revisión (Post-activation potentiation in vertical jump: a review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v36i36.66814Palabras clave:
potenciación post-activación, salto en contramovimiento, entrenamiento complejo, potencia muscular (post-activation potentiation, countermovement jump, complex training, muscular power)Resumen
La potenciación post-activación (PPA) ha demostrado ser una estrategia efectiva para incrementar el rendimiento de actividades de fuerza explosiva posteriores. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue revisar la literatura científica para conocer la metodología más efectiva en la obtención de PPA en el salto vertical. Se llevó a cabo una revisión en Medline, Scielo y SportDiscus hasta el 30 de Junio de 2018. Fueron mantenidas las directrices para el diseño de revisiones establecidas por PRISMA. La revisión localizó 37 estudios (n=659). La investigación disponible sugiere que la PPA puede obtenerse aplicando diferentes metodologías, siempre y cuando se respeten las dosis adecuadas de los parámetros: a) tipo de ejercicio y medio utilizado; b) intensidad y volumen del esfuerzo; c) descanso post-esfuerzo. La adecuada manipulación de estas variables permitirá incrementar el rendimiento explosivo en sujetos entrenados. No obstante, futuras investigaciones son necesarias para establecer una metodología que permita obtener PPA en menor tiempo y con mayor duración de sus efectos.
Summary: Post-activation potentiation (PPA) has been demonstrated to be effective to increase performance subsequent activities on explosive force. The aim of this study was to review the scientific literature to determine the most effective methodology to obtain PPA in vertical jump. We conducted a review in Medline, Scielo, SportDiscus and Google Scholar up to June 30, 2018. The design guidelines were obtained from PRISMA for reviews. The review of works pinpointed 37 studies (n = 659). The available research suggests that PPA can be obtained by applying different methodologies, as long as the appropriate doses of the parameters are respected: a) type of exercise and tools used; b) intensity and volume of effort; c) rest post effort. Proper design of these variables will increase the explosive performance in trained subjects. However, further research is needed to establish a methodology to achieve PPA in less time and with greater duration of its effects.
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