El Efecto de la Edad Relativa en las siete mejores ligas profesionales de fútbol femenino de la Unión de Federaciones Europeas de Fútbol (UEFA) (The Effect of Relative Age in the top seven professional women's soccer leagues of the Union of Euro-pean Football Associations (UEFA))

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103292

Palabras clave:

fecha de nacimiento, selección de talento, rendimiento profesional femenino, demarcación, clasificación

Resumen

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las fechas de nacimiento de las jugadoras de fútbol (n = 2.250) correspondientes a los 86 equipos que componen las mejores siete ligas profesionales femeninas de la Unión de Federaciones Europeas de Fútbol (UEFA), con el fin de observar el efecto de la edad relativa (RAE: Relative Age Effect) a lo largo de la temporada 2020-2021. A su vez, analiza el RAE en función de la posición de juego de las jugadoras y de la clasificación de los equipos al final de la temporada. La fecha de nacimiento de cada jugadora se clasificó en cuatro trimestres (Q1, Q2, Q3 y Q4). La prueba chi cuadrado se aplicó para analizar las frecuencias y porcentajes observadas y esperadas de los meses de nacimiento. Para comprobar diferencias en la distribución entre subgrupos, se calculó el odds Ratio (CI 95%) para los distintos trimestres. Los resultados confirmaron una mayor representación de jugadoras nacidas en Q1 y Q2 para todas las ligas estudiadas, con un dato menor para la Primera Iberdrola (España). Esta significatividad se repitió sobre todo en las jugadoras que ocupan la posición de mediocampistas y, en menor medida, en las porteras, defensas y delanteras. Finalmente, existen diferencias significativas en función de la clasificación al final de la temporada, sobre todo, en los equipos de media tabla. En conclusión, se aprecia la presencia de RAE en el fútbol profesional femenino europeo, esta apariencia en la práctica puede suponer una selección del talento en fútbol femenino desenfocada, con una captación orientada al corto plazo, a los resultados inmediatos en detrimento del talento deportivo.

Palabras clave: fecha de nacimiento, selección de talento, rendimiento profesional femenino, demarcación, clasificación

Abstract. The aim of this study is to analyze the dates of birth of female football players (n=2,250) corresponding to the 86 teams that make up the top seven women's professional leagues of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), in order to observe the relative age effect (RAE: Relative Age Effect) over the 2020-2021 season. In turn, it analyzes the RAE according to the playing position of the players and the ranking of the teams at the end of the season. The date of birth of each player was classified into four semesters (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4). The chi-square test was applied to analyze the observed and expected frequencies and percentages of birth months. To test for differences in the distribution between subgroups, the odds ratio (95% CI) was calculated for the different quartiles. The results confirmed a higher representation of players born in Q1 and Q2 for all the leagues studied, except in the Primera Iberdrola (Spain). This significance was repeated mainly in midfielders and, to a lesser extent, in goalkeepers, defenders and forward. Finally, there are significant differences depending on the classification of the team in the mid-table and bottom three groups. In conclusion, the presence of RAE in European women's professional soccer can be appreciated, this appearance in practice can mean an unfocused selection of talent in women's soccer, with a recruitment oriented to the short term, to the immediate results to the detriment of sporting talent.

Keywords: date of birth, talent selection, women's professional performance, demarcation, classification.

Citas

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2024-05-01

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Yagüe Cabezón, J. M., Fernández García, B., Redondo Castán, J. C., & Izquierdo Velasco, J. M. . (2024). El Efecto de la Edad Relativa en las siete mejores ligas profesionales de fútbol femenino de la Unión de Federaciones Europeas de Fútbol (UEFA) (The Effect of Relative Age in the top seven professional women’s soccer leagues of the Union of Euro-pean Football Associations (UEFA)). Retos, 54, 518–528. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103292

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas