Relación de la fuerza, potencia y composición corporal con el rendimiento deportivo en nadadores jóvenes de la Región Metropolitana de Chile (Relationship of strength, power, and body composition with sports performance in young swimmers in the Metropoli

Authors

  • Carlos Véliz Véliz
  • Fernando Maureira Cid Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez
  • Marcela Jaurés Rodríguez

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.75638

Keywords:

( swimming, power, strength, anthropometry, sports performance)

Abstract

Entre las múltiples variables que condicionan el rendimiento en pruebas de natación resalta la fuerza explosiva y la potencia, ambos predictores confiables de la velocidad del nadador. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la relación de la fuerza, potencia y variables antropométricas con el tiempo mínimo en nadadores jóvenes. La muestra estuvo constituida por 27 nadadores de Santiago de Chile, 14 de sexo masculino (51,9%) y 13 de sexo femenino (48,1%), con edades entre 13 y 21 años. Los datos de antropometría se obtuvieron con el protocolo ISAK, utilizando una balanza digital Tanita modelo HD 357 y el kit Rosscraft Centurion. Para medir la altura de salto se utilizó la plataforma de contacto DmJump®. La medición de fuerza a través del press banco, prensa horizontal y pull down se llevó a cabo con una repetición máxima. Finalmente, la medición de la fuerza de prensión manual se realizó con un dinamómetro digital baseline®. Los resultados muestran que los tiempos obtenidos en 50 metros de nado libre presentan relaciones inversas con cuatro variables antropométricas, con la altura del Abalakov Jump y con cuatro pruebas de fuerza. La prueba de 50, 100 y 200 metros estilo pecho solo se relacionan con la fuerza de prensión de la mano. La prueba de 200 metros combinado se relaciona con cinco variables antropométricas, con la altura de salto del CMJ y con las cinco pruebas de fuerza. Son necesarias nuevas investigaciones donde se evalué un mayor número de deportistas, con mayores rangos etarios y diversos tiempos y tipos de entrenamiento que puedan ayudar a entender de mejor forma la incidencia de estas variables sobre el rendimiento deportivo.

Abstract. Explosive force and power stand out among the multiple variables that condition performance in swimming tests, both being reliable predictors of swimmers' speed. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of force, power, and anthropometric variables with the shortest performance time in young swimmers. The sample consisted of 27 swimmers from Santiago de Chile, 14 male (51.9%) and 13 female (48.1%) with ages between 13 and 21 years old.The anthropometric data were obtained with the ISAK protocol, using a digital scale Tanita model HD 357 and the Rosscraft Centurion kit. To measure the jump height, the contact platform DmJump® was used. Force was measured through press bench, horizontal press, and pull down, using the one maximum repetition method.Finally, measurement of manual grip force was carried out with a digital dynamometer baseline®. The results show that the times obtained in 50 meters of free swimming have inverse relationships with four anthropometric variables, with the height of the Abalakov Jump and with four force tests.The 50, 100 and 200-meter breaststroke tests only correlate with hand grip force. The combined 200-meter test is associated with five anthropometric variables, jump height in CMJ, and the five force tests. In future research, a greater number of athletes should be evaluated, with higher age ranges and different training times and types, which could help better understand the influence of these variables on sports performance.

 

 

 

 

References

Alptekin, A. (2014). Body Composition and Kinematic Analysis of the Grab Start in Youth Swimmers. Journal of Human Kinetics, 42, 15-26.

Arroyo-Toledo, J. (2012). Composición corporal y rendimiento en la natación. Natación saltos/sincro waterpolo. 35(1), 30-34

Aspenes, S., Kjendlie, P. L., Hoff, J. & Helgerud, J. (2009). Combined strength and endurance training in competitive swimmers. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 8(3), 357-365.

Barbosa, T., Morais, J., Marques, M., Costa, M. & Marinho, D. (2014). The power output and sprinting performance of young swimmers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(2), 440–450.

Benavides, L., Santos, P. y R, González, R. (2016). Anthropometric profile and somatotype of amateur swimmers belonging to a team in Talca. Revista Ciencias de la Actividad Física UCM., 17(1), 39-47

Berryman, N., Mujika, I., Arvisais, D., Roubeix, M., Binet, C. and Bosquet, L. (2018). Strength Training for Middle- and Long-Distance Performance: A Meta-Analysis

Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 13(1), 57-63

Bosco, C., Luhtanen, P. & Komi, P. (1983). A simple method for measurement of mechanical power in jumping. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 50, 273-82.

Behringer, M., Vom Heede, A., Matthews, M. & MesterJ. (2011). Effects of strength training on motor performance skills children and adolescents. A meta-analisys. Pediatric Exerc Sci, 23(2), 186-206.

Breed, R. & Young, W. (2003). The effect of a resistance training programme on the grab, track and swing starts in swimming. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(3), 213-220.

Brzycki, M. (1993). Strength testing: predicting a one-rep max from repetitions to fatigue. JOPERD, 64, 88-90.

Cabañas, M. & Esparza, F. (2009). Compendio de cineantropometria. Madrid: CTO.

Caputo, F., Oliveira, M., Denadai, B. & Greco, C. (2006). Intrinsic factors of the locomotion energy cost during swimming. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte,12(6), 399-404.

Cofre, C., Ramírez-Campillo, R., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Espinosa, A. & Valdivia-Moral, P. (2018). Comparación del déficit bilateral en la potencia muscular de futbolistas y estudiantes. Sportis Sci J, 4(1), 3-15.

Dopsaj, M., Matković, I. & Zdravković, I. (2000). The relationship between 50mfreestyle results and characteristics of tethered forces in male sprint swimmers: A new approach to tethered swimming test. In Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, 1(7), 15-22

Faigenbaum, A., Farrell, A., Fabiano, M., Radler, T., Naclerio, F., Ratamess, N., Kang, J. & Mye, G. (2013). Effects of detraining on fitness performance in 7-year-old children. J Strength Cond Res, 27(2), 323–30.

Garrido, N., Marinho, D., Barbosa, T., Costa, A., Silva, A., Pérez-Turpin, J. & Marques, M. (2010). Relationships between dry land strength, power variables and short sprint performance in young competitive swimmers. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise, 5(2), 240-249.

Girold, S., Maurin, D., Dugue, B., Chatard, J. & Millet, G. (2007). Effects of dryland vs. resisted-and assisted-sprint exercises on swimming sprint performances. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(2), 599-605.

Godínez, S., Marmolejo, G., Márquez, E., Siordia, J. & Baeza Camacho, R. (2002). La grasa visceral y su importancia en obesidad. Revista de Endocrinología y Nutrición, 10(3), 121-127.

Hernández, J. (2003). Efecto de tres tipos de entrenamiento para el tren inferior: una verificación del principio de especificidad. Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 3(1), 11-26.

Johnson, R., Sharp, R. & Hedrick, C. (1993). Relationship of swimming power and dryland power to sprint freestyle performance: a multiple regression approach. Journal of Swimming Research, 9, 10-14.

Kerr, D. (1998). An anthropometric method for the fractionation of skin, adipose, muscle, bone and residual tissue masses in males and females age 6 to 77 years. Tesis de magister, Simon Fraser University, Canadá.

Lloyd, R., Faigenbaum, A., Stone, M., Oliver, J., Jeffreys, I., Moody, J., et al. (2014). Position statement on youth resistance training: The 2014 International Consensus. Br J Sports Med, 48(7), 498-505.

Martínez-Sanz, J., Mielgo-Ayusoc, J. & Urdampilleta, A. (2012). Composición corporal y somatotipo de nadadores adolescentes federados. Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet, 16(4), 130-136.

Monu, J. (2013). Sport-specific training for a competitive freestyle sprint swimmer. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 35(5), 48-55.

Peyrebrune, M., Toubekis, A., Lakomy, H. & Nevill, M. (2012). Estimating the energy contribution during single and repeated sprint swimming. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports, 24(2), 369-376.

Saavedra, S. & Vergara, R. (2013). Validación y comparación de tres alfombras de saltabilidad. Tesis para optar al grado de Licenciado en Ciencias del Deporte y la Actividad Física. Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago de Chile.

Siders, W., Lukaski, H. & Bolonchuk, W. (1993). Relationships among swimming performance, body composition and somatotype in competitive collegiate swimmers. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 33(2), 166-171.

Soultanakis, H., Nafpaktiitou, D. & Mandaloufa, S. (2019). Impact of cool and warm water immersion on 50-m sprint performance and lactate recovery in swimmers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 55(4), 267-72.

Stewart, A., Marfell-Jones, M., Olds, T. & De Ridder, H. (2011). International standards for anthropometric assessment (ISAK). New Zealand: Lower Hutt.

Strzala, M. & Tyka, A. (2009). Physical endurance, somatic indices and swimming technique parameters as determinants of front crawl swimming speed at short distances in young swimmers. Medicina Sportiva, 13(2), 99-107.

Toussaint, H., Van den Berg, C. & Beek, W. (2002). “Pumped-up propulsion" during front crawl swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(2), 314-319.

Véliz, C., Maureira, F. y Erazo, L. (2016). Fuerza explosiva, explosivo –elástica y reactiva en gimnastas, voleibolistas, nadadoras y nadadoras sincronizadas del Estadio Mayor de Santiago de Chile. EmásF, Revista Digital de Educación Física, 7(42), 66-77.

West, D., Owen, N., Cunningham, D., Cook, C. & Kilduff, L. (2011). Strength and power predictors of swimming starts in international sprint swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(4), 950-955.

Willems, T., Cornelis, J., De Deurwaerder, L., Roelandt, F. & De Mits, S. (2014). The effect of ankle muscle strength and flexibility on dolphin kick performance in competitive swimmers. Human Movement Science, 36, 167-176.

Yustres, I., González, J., Barragán, R., Calvo, B. y Abellá, C. (2015). Variaciones del rendimiento en la salida de natación mediante la respuesta aguda a diferentes protocolos de entrenamiento. Revista Española de Educación Física y Deportes, 411(4), 23-34.

Published

2020-07-01

How to Cite

Véliz Véliz, C., Maureira Cid, F., & Jaurés Rodríguez, M. (2020). Relación de la fuerza, potencia y composición corporal con el rendimiento deportivo en nadadores jóvenes de la Región Metropolitana de Chile (Relationship of strength, power, and body composition with sports performance in young swimmers in the Metropoli. Retos, 38, 300–305. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.75638

Issue

Section

Original Research Article

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 > >>