Aplicación de un programa de fuerza con carga excéntrica en la readaptación de una lesión de ligamento lateral interno de la rodilla. Estudio de caso (Effect of an eccentric load resistance training program on the rehabilitation of medial collateral liga
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i33.55911Keywords:
Rehabilitación, potencia, lesión, fútbol (Rehabilitation, maximal power output, injury, soccer)Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza con carga excéntrica basado en el ejercicio squat (½ squat y squat lateral) ejecutado en un dispositivo de inercia rotacional, sobre la potencia de la musculatura del tren inferior de un jugador de fútbol durante la readaptación de una lesión del ligamento lateral interno (LLI) de la rodilla. Métodos: Durante 4 semanas (3 sesiones semanales) el futbolista llevó a cabo el programa de entrenamiento de fuerza con carga excéntrica propuesto en ambas extremidades. Antes, durante y después del proceso de intervención se valoró la potencia del tren inferior de manera bilateral y unilateral, y se obtuvieron datos relativos a la potencia media, potencia pico, trabajo y duración de la repetición, tanto en fase concéntrica como excéntrica. Resultados: Se obtuvieron mejoras significativas (p≤.05) en la potencia media y pico (bilateral y unilateral) tanto en la fase concéntrica como excéntrica. Además se redujeron las asimetrías en todas las variables analizadas relativas a la potencia. Conclusiones: La aplicación de un programa de fuerza ejecutado en un dispositivo de inercia rotacional durante el proceso de recuperación funcional produce un incremento de la potencia muscular del tren inferior y disminuye la asimetría provocada por la lesión deportiva, que se refleja en la disminución del periodo de recuperación.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of an eccentric-load training program based on squat exercises (½ squat and lateral squat) on the lower-body power of a football player during the rehabilitation process of a medial collateral ligament injury (MCL). Methods: During 4 weeks (3 sessions a week) the soccer player followed the eccentric-load training program proposed on both legs. Before, during, and after the intervention, lower-body power was evaluated bilaterally and unilaterally, and data was obtained on the mean power, peak power, work, and duration, in both concentric and eccentric phases. Results: Significant improvements (p ≤.05) in mean and maximal power (bilateral and unilateral) were obtained in both concentric and eccentric phases. Asymmetries related to power have also been reduced. Conclusions: the application of an eccentric-overload training program during the functional recovery process results in an increase in the lower-body power and reduces the asymmetry caused by a sports injury, which is reflected in the decrease in the recovery period.
References
Ade, J.; Fitzpatrick, J., & Bradley, P.S. (2016). High-intensity efforts in elite soccer matches and associated movement patterns, technical skills and tactical actions. Information for position-specific training drills. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(24):2205-2214. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1217343
Andersen, L.L.; Andersen, J.L.; Magnusson, S.P.; Suetta, C.; Madsen, J.L. & Christensen, L.R. (2005). Changes in the human muscle force-velo city relationship in response to resistance training and subsequent detraining. Journal of Applied Physiology, 99(1):87-94.
Askling, C.; Karlsson, J., & Thorstensson, A. (2003). Hamstring injury occurrence in elite soccer players after preseason strength training with eccentric overload. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine in Science and Sports, 13(4):244–250.
Carling, C.; Bloomfield, J., Nelsen, L., & Reilly, T. (2008). The role of motion analysis in elite soccer: contemporary performance measurement techniques and work rate data. Sports Medicine, 38(10):839-62.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. Hillside, NJ: L. Erbraum Associates.
Dawson, B.; Fitzsimons, M.; Green, S.; Goodman, C.; Carey, M., & Cole, K. (1998). Changes in performance , muscle metabolites , enzymes and fibre types after short sprint training. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 78:163–169.
De Hoyo, M.; Pozzo, M.; Sañudo, B.; Carrasco, L.; Gonzalo-Skok, O.; Domínguez-Cobo, S., & Morán-Camacho, E. (2015). Effects of a 10-week in-season eccentric-overload training program on muscle-injury prevention and performance in junior elite soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(1):46-52. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0547
Ekstrand, J.; Hägglund, M., & Waldén, M. (2011). Epidemiology of muscle injuries in professional football (soccer). The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(6):1226–1232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510395879
Fousekis, K.; Tsepis, E., & Vagenas, G. (2010). Lower limb strength in professional soccer players: profile, asymmetry, and training age. Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 9(3):364-373.
Gabbett, T.J. (2016). The training-injury prevention paradox: should athletes be training smarter and harder? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(5):273-280. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095788
Gonzalo-Skok, O.; Tous-Fajardo, J.; Suarez-Arrones, L.; Arjol-Serrano, J.L.; Casajús, J.A., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2017). Single-Leg Power Output and Between-Limbs Imbalances in Team-Sport Players: Unilateral Versus Bilateral Combined Resistance Training. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 12(1): 106-114. https://doi.org/ 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0743
Gustavsson, A.; Neeter, C.; Thomeé, P.; Silbernagel, K.G.; Augustsson, J.; Thomeé, R., & Karlsson, J. (2006). A test battery for evaluating hop performance in patients with an ACL injury and patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction. Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 14(8): 778-788.
Hägglund, M.; Waldén, M.; Bahr, R., & Ekstrand, J. (2005). Methods for epidemiological study of injuries to professional football players: developing the UEFA model. British journal of sports medicine, 39(6): 340-346.
Hoffman, J. R.; Ratamess, N. A.; Klatt, M.; Faigenbaum, A. D., & Kang, J. (2007). Do bilateral power deficits influence direction-specific movement patterns? Research in Sports Medicine, 15: 1-8.
Lalín, C. (2008). La readaptación lesional (II parte): reentrenamiento físico deportivo del deportista lesionado. RED: Revista de entrenamiento deportivo, 3: 29-37.
Lundblad, M.; Waldén, M.; Magnusson, H.; Karlsson, J., & Ekstrand, J. (2013). The UEFA injury study: 11-year data concerning 346 MCL injuries and time to return to play. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(12):759–762. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092305
Macmahon, P. Current diagnosis & treatment in sports medicine. New York: McGraw Hill Medical Pub; 2007.
Menzel, H.J.; Chagas, M.H.; Szmuchrowski, L.A.; Araujo, S.R.; De Andrade, A.G., & De Jesus-Moraleida, F.R. (2013). Analysis of lower limb asymmetries by isokinetic and vertical jump tests in soccer players. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(5):1370-1377. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318265a3c8
Miyamoto, R.G.; Bosco, J., & Sherman, O. (2009). Treatment of Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 17(3):152-61.
Norrbrand, L.; Tous-Fajardo, J.; Vargas, R., & Tesch, P.A. (2011). Quadriceps muscle use in the flywheel and barbell squat. Aviation Space Environmental Medicine, 82:13-19.
Noya, J.; Gómez-Carmona, P.M.; Gracia-Marco, L.; Moliner-Urdiales, D., & Sillero-Quintana, M. (2014). Epidemiology of injuries in First Division Spanish football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(13): 1263-1270. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.884720
Núñez, V.; Lancho, C., & Ramírez, J.M. (2016). Entrenamiento muscular a través de tecnología isoinercial en un jugador de fútbol profesional intervenido de rotura total de LCA. Estudio de caso. RETOS. Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 29:166-170.
Owen, A.; Wong, D.P.; McKenna, M., & Dellal, A. (2011). Heart rate responses and technical comparison between small- vs. large-sided games in elite professional soccer. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(8):2104–2110. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181f0a8a3
Owen, A.; Wong, P.; Dellal, A.; Paul, D.J.; Orhant, E., & Collie, S. (2013). Effect of an injury prevention program on muscle injuries in elite professional soccer. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(12):3275-3285. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318290cb3a
Petisco, C.; Carretero, M., & Sánchez-Sánchez, J. (2016). Is exercise a determining factor of functional asymmetries in the lower limb? Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 125:7-20.
Phisitkul, P.; James, S.L.; Wolf, B.R., & Amendola, A. (2006). MCL injuries of the knee: current concepts review. The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal, 26:77-90.
Romero, S.; Feria, A.; Sañudo, B.; De Hoyo, M., & Del Ojo, J.J. (2014). Efectos de entrenamiento de fuerza en sistema isoinercial sobre la mejora del CMJ en jóvenes futbolistas de elite. RETOS. Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 26:180-182.
Romero-Rodriguez, D.; Gual, G., & Tesch, P.A. (2011). Efficacy of an inertial resistance training paradigm in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy in athletes: a case-series study. Physical Therapy in Sport, 12(1):43–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.10.003
Ronconi, M., & Alvero-Cruz, J.R. (2008). Cambios fisiológicos debidos al desentrenamiento. Apunts Medicina de L´Esport, 160:192-8.
Swinton, P.; Lloyd, R.; Keogh, R.; Agouris, I., & Stewart, A.D. (2014). Regression models of sprint, vertical jump, and change of direction performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(7):1839–1848. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000348
Tous-Fajardo, J.; Maldonado, R., Quintana, J.M., Pozzo, M., & Tesch, P.A. (2006). The flywheel leg-curl machine: offering eccentric overload for hamstring development. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 1(3):293-299.
Tous-Fajardo, J.; Gonzalo-Skok, O.; Arjol-Serrano, J.L., & Tesch, P. (2016). Enhancing Change-of-Direction Speed in Soccer Players by Functional Inertial Eccentric Overload and Vibration Training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(1):66-73. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0010
Van Winckel J, Helsen W, McMillan K, Tenney D, Meert JP, Bradley P. Fitness in soccer: the science and practical application. Klein-Gelmen: Moveo Ergo Sum; 2014.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
