Variables deportivas y personales en la ocurrencia de lesiones deportivas. Diferencias entre deportes individuales y colectivos (Sport and personal variables in the occurrence of sports injuries. Differences between individual and team sports)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i28.34819Keywords:
Factores deportivos, factores personales, lesiones, deportes individuales, deportes colectivos (Sport injuries, sport factors, personal factors, injury, individual sports, team sports)Abstract
El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar la relación entre factores deportivos y personales con la incidencia de lesión (frecuencia y gravedad) en deportes individuales (natación, atletismo y tenis), y en deportes colectivos (fútbol, balonmano y baloncesto). La muestra total del estudio fue de 453 sujetos (47 no lesionados), 285 hombres (23 no lesionados) y 168 mujeres (24 no lesionadas) de diferentes Clubes Deportivos de la Comunidad Valenciana. El estudio se basa en una metodología cuantitativa, y su diseño fue descriptivo, observacional y correlacional. Para evaluar las lesiones, se elaboró un registro de auto-informe. Los resultados indicaron que un mayor número de lesiones totales y un mayor índice de lesión se asociaron con una menor edad (p<.05), con una mayor experiencia (p<.01) y con deportes colectivos (p<.01), no encontrándose relación con el género. Se señala la aplicabilidad de los resultados y se señalan conclusiones del estudio.
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to analyze the association between the sport and personal factors and the incidence of injuries (frequency and severity) according to individual (swimming, tennis and athletics) and team sports (basketball, handball and football). The sample comprised 453 athletes (47 non-injured), 285 males (23 non-injured) and 168 females (24 non-injured) recruited from sports clubs in Valencia. The study design was quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational. Injuries were evaluated by self-report. The results indicated that a greater number of total injuries and a higher injury rates were associated with athletes of a younger age (p<.05), more experienced athletes (p<.01) and team-sport athletes (p<.01). Gender was unrelated to injuries. Practical applications of the results are mentioned and some conclusions of the study are indicated.
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