High intensity interval training based on parasympathetic activity and its impact on the cardi-orespiratory capacity of university students. Randomized Controlled Trial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105419Keywords:
High-Intensity Interval Training, Oxygen Consumption, Autonomic Nervous System, Students, Track and FieldAbstract
Background: High-intensity interval training is traditionally prescribed using fixed values that may be insufficient to generate homeostatic disturbances. Objective: To evaluate how a high-intensity interval training program, guided by parasympathetic activity, affects the cardiorespiratory capacity of physically active university students. Method: Controlled, parallel and randomized study with single blinding. 26 physically active university students were divided into a control group and an experimental group to undergo 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training. Cardiorespiratory capacity was estimated using the 3x1 Step Test and heart rate variability was determined using an orthostatic test Results: Both groups showed significant changes in peak VO2, with the experimental group showing greater improvement (C.V = 14%; p = 0.003; d = 1.16) compared to the control group (C.V = 11%; p = 0.01; d = 0.7). Regarding parasympathetic activity, only the experimental group showed significant changes in heart rate (C.V = 10.5%; p = 0.004; d = 1.28) and root mean square of successive differences (C.V = 19.7 %; p = 0.02; d = 1.16) in the supine position. Conclusion: A high-intensity, high-volume, short-duration interval training prescribed based on parasympathetic activity can be an effective stimulus to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in physically active university students.
Keywords: High-Intensity Interval Training; Oxygen Consumption; Autonomic Nervous System; Students; Track and Field.
References
Andrade, D.C., Arce-Alvarez, A., Parada, F., Uribe, S., Gordillo, P., Dupre A et al. (2020). Acute effects of high-intensity interval training session and endurance exercise on pulmonary function and cardiorespiratory coupling. Physiological Reports. 2020;8(15):e14455. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14455
Astorino, T. A., Edmunds, R. M., Clark, A., King, L., Gallant, R. A., Namm, S., Fischer, A., & Wood, K. M. (2017). High-Intensity Interval Training Increases Cardiac Output and V˙O2max. Medicine and science in sports and exer-cise, 49(2), 265–273. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001099
Atakan, M. M., Li, Y., Koşar, Ş. N., Turnagöl, H. H., & Yan, X. (2021). Evidence-Based Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Exercise Capacity and Health: A Review with Historical Perspective. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(13), 7201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137201
Balboa-Castillo T, Muñoz S, Seron P, Andrade-Mayorga O, Lavados-Romo P, Aguilar-Farias N (2023) Validity and reliability of the international physical activity questionnaire short form in Chilean adults. PLoS ONE, 18(10):e0291604. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291604
Bellenger, CR., Fuller, JT., Thomson, RL., Davison, K., Robertson, EY., Buckley JD. (2016). Monitoring athletic training status through autonomic heart rate regulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 46(10):1461–1486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0484-2
Boullosa, D., Medeiros, AR., Flatt, AA., Esco, MR., Nakamura, FY., Foster, C. (2021). Relationships between Workload, Heart Rate Variability, and Performance in a Recreational Endurance Runner. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(1):30. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6010030
Cofre-Bolados, C., Rosales, W. D., Espinoza-Salinas, A. (2018). Validation of the ST3x1 Step Test as an estimator of peak VO2 in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. Salud Uninorte, 34(3),581-588
Espinoza-Salinas, A., González-Jurado, J., Molina-Sotomayor, E., Fuentes-Barría, H., Farías Valenzuela, C., Arenas-Sánchez, G. (2020). Mobilization, transport and oxidation of fatty acids: physiological mechanisms associated with weight loss. Journal of Sport and Health Research. 12(Supl 3): 303-312.
Fuentes-Barría, H., Aguilera-Eguía, R., Polevoy, G.G., Maureira-Sánchez, J., Angarita-Dávila, L (2024). Efectos del entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad sobre la capacidad aeróbica y variabilidad del ritmo cardiaco en estu-diantes universitarios. Estudio cuasiexperimental. Journal of Sport and Health Research, (En prensa)
Fuentes-Barría, H., Urbano-Cerda, S., Aguilera-Eguía, R., Vera-Aguirre, V., González-Wong, C. (2022). Efectos de 4 semanas de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad sobre el balance autonómico en adultos confinados por COVID-19. Journal of Sport and Health Research. 14(3):503-510
García-Flores, I., Hernández-Lepe, MA., Aburto-Corona, JA., Ortiz-Ortiz, M., Naranjo-Orellana, J., Gómez-Miranda , LM. (2023). Efecto del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad sobre el comportamiento del siste-ma nervioso autónomo. Retos, 47, 847-852. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.91199
Guo, X., Su, T., Xiao, H., Xiao, R., & Xiao, Z. (2022). Using 24-h Heart Rate Variability to Investigate the Sleep Qual-ity and Depression Symptoms of Medical Students. Frontiers in psychiatry, 12, 781673. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.781673
Guo, Z., Li, M., Cai, J., Gong, W., Liu, Y., Liu, Z. (2023). Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Fat Loss and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Young and Middle-Aged a Systemat-ic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6):4741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064741
Huerta Ojeda, Á., Galdames Maliqueo, S., Cataldo Guerra, M., Barahona Fuentes, G., Rozas Villanueva, T., Cáceres Serrano, P. (2017). Efectos de un entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad en la capacidad aeróbica de adoles-centes. Revista Médica de Chile, 145(8): 972-979. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872017000800972
Jamnick, N. A., Pettitt, R. W., Granata, C., Pyne, D. B., & Bishop, D. J. (2020). An Examination and Critique of Current Methods to Determine Exercise Intensity. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 50(10), 1729–1756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01322-8
Junqueira, D. R., Zorzela, L., Golder, S., Loke, Y., Gagnier, J. J., Julious, S. A., Li, T., Mayo-Wilson, E., Pham, B., Phillips, R., Santaguida, P., Scherer, R. W., Gøtzsche, P. C., Moher, D., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Vohra, S., & CON-SORT Harms Group (2023). CONSORT Harms 2022 statement, explanation, and elaboration: updated guideline for the reporting of harms in randomised trials. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 381, e073725. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-073725
Kaufmann, S., Gronwald, T., Herold, F., and Hoos, O. (2023). Heart rate variability-derived thresholds for exercise intensity prescription in endurance sports: a systematic review of interrelations and agreement with different venti-latory and blood lactate thresholds. Sports Medicine Open, 9, 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/S40798-023-00607-2
Lu, Y., Wiltshire, H. D., Baker, J. S., Wang, Q., & Ying, S. (2023). The effect of Tabata-style functional high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health and physical activity in female university students. Frontiers in physiolo-gy, 14, 1095315. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1095315
Manresa-Rocamora, A., Flatt, A. A., Casanova-Lizón, A., Ballester-Ferrer, J. A., Sarabia, J. M., Vera-Garcia, F. J., et al. (2021). Heart rate-based indices to detect parasympathetic hyperactivity in functionally overreached athletes. A meta-analysis. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 31(6):1164-1182 https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13932
Medina Corrales, M., Garrido Esquivel, A., Flores Cruz, M., Miranda Mendoza, F J., García Dávila, MZ., Hernández Cruz, G., Naranjo Orellana, J (2021). Utilidad de la RMSSD-Slope para cuantificación de carga interna de entre-namiento en jugadores élite de bádminton. Estudio de caso. Retos, 40, 60-66. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.78348
Mina-Paz Y, Santana-García VN, Tafur-Tascon LJ, Cabrera-Hernández MA, Pliego-Carrillo AC, Reyes-Lagos JJ. (2022) .Analysis of Short-Term Heart Rate Asymmetry in High-Performance Athletes and Non-Athletes. Symme-try, 14(6):1229. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14061229
Nieto-Jiménez, C., Bertoglia-Ghiglino, C., Soto-Voisier, E., Morales-Rodríguez, I., Sepúlveda-Catalán, F., Quinti-liano-Scarpell, D., Ruso-Álvarez, JF. (2020). Variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca como indicador de carga inter-na en mujeres no deportistas: estudio piloto. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 37(4):234-238
Nieto, C., & Ruso Álvarez, J. (2019). La recuperación parasimpática tras el esfuerzo como medida de carga de trabajo. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 36(6):356-359
Nuuttila, O. P., Korhonen, E., Laukkanen, J., & Kyröläinen, H. (2021). Validity of the Wrist-Worn Polar Vantage V2 to Measure Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability at Rest. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 22(1), 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010137
Pacheco, L. S., Blanco, E., Burrows, R., Correa-Burrows, P., Santos, J. L., & Gahagan, S. (2021). Eating behavior and body composition in Chilean young adults. Appetite, 156, 104857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.104857
Perkins, S. E., Jelinek, H. F., Al-Aubaidy, H. A., & de Jong, B. (2017). Immediate and long term effects of endurance and high intensity interval exercise on linear and nonlinear heart rate variability. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 20(3), 312–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.009
Porras-Álvarez, J., & Bernal-Calderón, MO. (2019). Variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca: evaluación del entrena-miento deportivo. Revisión de tema. Duazary, 16(2), 259 – 269. https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.2750
Ravé, G., Zouhal, H., Boullosa, D., Doyle-Baker, P. K., Saeidi, A., Abderrahman, A. B., & Fortrat, J. O. (2020). Heart Rate Variability is Correlated with Perceived Physical Fitness in Elite Soccer Players. Journal of human kinet-ics, 72, 141–150. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0103
Sempere-Ruiz, N., Sarabia, J. M., Baladzhaeva, S., & Moya-Ramón, M. (2024). Reliability and validity of a non-linear index of heart rate variability to determine intensity thresholds. Frontiers in physiology, 15, 1329360. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1329360
Schaffarczyk, M., Rogers, B., Reer, R., & Gronwald, T. (2022). Validity of the Polar H10 Sensor for Heart Rate Vari-ability Analysis during Resting State and Incremental Exercise in Recreational Men and Women. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 22(17), 6536 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176536
Serón P, Muñoz S, & Lanas F. (2010). Nivel de actividad física medida a través del cuestionario internacional de activi-dad física en población Chilena. Revista médica de Chile, 138(10), 1232-1239. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872010001100004
Su, L., Fu, J., Sun, S., Zhao, G., Cheng, W., Dou, C., Quan, M. (2019). Effects of HIIT and MICT on cardiovascular risk factors in adults with overweight and/or obesity: A meta-analysis. PLoS One, 14(1):e0210644. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210644
Urbano-Cerda S, Fuentes-Barría H, Vera-Aguirre V, González-Wong C, Aguilera-Eguía R. (2021) Variabilidad del ritmo cardiaco e índices antropométricos en hombres universitarios de Santiago de Chile. Universidad y Salud, 23(3):284-290. https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.212303.242
World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medi-cal Research Involving Human Subjects. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 310(20), 2191–94. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281053
Yoo, H. H., Yune, S. J., Im, S. J., Kam, B. S., & Lee, S. Y. (2021). Heart Rate Variability-Measured Stress and Aca-demic Achievement in Medical Students. Medical principles and practice: international journal of the Kuwait Uni-versity, Health Science Centre, 30(2), 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1159/000513781
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
