Effect of an aerobic exercise programme in cancer survivors

Authors

  • Luis Blanco-Romero Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
  • Víctor Hernández-Beltrán Universidad de Extremadura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7449-5734
  • José M. Gamonales Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte. Universidad de Extremadura (España) // Facultad de Cienc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-1535
  • Luisa Gámez-Calvo Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte. Universidad de Extremadura (España). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5205-8349
  • Jesús Muñoz-Jiménez Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte. Universidad de Extremadura (España).
  • Daniel Rojas-Valverde Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.104980

Keywords:

Cycloergometer, Training, Maximal oxygen uptake, Cancer, Women

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with aging and unhealthy lifestyles being the main risk factors. Cancer patients require intense and prolonged treatments that lead to a deterioration in their quality of life. The practice of physical exercise has been identified as one of the fundamental strategies in the field of cancer prevention, being, at the same time, a coadjuvant therapy for comprehensive rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an aerobic exercise program on functional capacity, body composition, hemodynamic function, and quality of life in cancer survivors. The sample consisted of 22 women (54.2 ± 10.9 years, weight 71.3 ± 10.4 kg, height 157.8 ± 4 cm) who participated in the Physical Exercise for Cancer Patients Project (EFIPACA) of the School of Human Movement Sciences and Quality of Life (CIEMHCAVI) of the National University (UNA). The individualized aerobic training program lasted 16 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, each session began with a joint mobility phase, a warm-up phase of 5 minutes at very low intensity on a treadmill or cycloergometer, and a main part of aerobic exercise on a treadmill and cycloergometer, lasting 30 to 50 minutes, at an intensity of 50% to 85% of VO2max reserve. In the end, there was a 2-minute recovery phase at very low intensity and a short stretching of the lower and upper limbs. Cancer survivors who engage in continuous physical exercise show improvements in weight and BMI reduction. Participation in the program produces an improvement in the perception of quality of life, as well as an increase in bone mineral density. It is therefore recommended to develop weight-bearing impact sessions to improve physical fitness, avoid fractures or bone problems and improve quality of life.

Key words: Cycloergometer; Training; Maximal oxygen uptake; Cancer; Women.

References

Adamsen, L., Quist, M., Andersen, C., Moller, T., Herrstedt, J., Kronborg, D., Baadsgaard, M.T., Vistisen, K., Midtgaard, J., Christiansen, B., Stage, M., Kronborg, M.T., & Rorth, M. (2009). Effect of a multimodal high intensity exercise intervention in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 339, b3410. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b3410

Ato, M., López-García, J.J., & Benavente, A. (2013). A classification system for research designs in psychology. Annals of Psychology, 29(3), 1038–1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511

Bray, F., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Siegel, R.L., Torre, L.A., & Jemal, A. (2018). Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 68(6), 394–424. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492

Brocki, B.C., Andreasen, J., Nielsen, L.R., Nekrasas, V., Gorst-Rasmussen, A., & Westerdahl, E. (2014). Short and long-term effects of supervised versus unsupervised exercise training on health-related quality of life and functional outcomes following lung cancer surgery – A randomized controlled trial. Lung Cancer, 83(1), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.10.015

Buffart, L.M., Kalter, J., Sweegers, M.G., Courneya, K.S., Newton, R.U., Aaronson, N.K., Jacobsen, P.B., May, A.M., Galvão, D.A., Chinapaw, M.J., Steindorf, K., Irwin, M.L., Stuiver, M.M., Hayes, S., Griffith, K.A., Lucia, A., Mesters, I., van Weert, E., Knoop, H., … Brug, J. (2017). Effects and moderators of exercise on quality of life and physical function in patients with cancer: An individual patient data meta-analysis of 34 RCTs. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 52, 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.010

Campbell, K, Winters-Stone, K. M., Wiskemann, J., May, A.M., Schwartz, A.L., Courneya, K.S., Zucker, D.S., Matthews, C.E., Ligibel, J.A., Gerber, L.H., Morris, G.S., Patel, A.V., Hue, T.F., Perna, F.M., & Schmitz, K.H. (2019). Exercise guidelines for cancer survivors: consensus statement from International multidisciplinary roundtable. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 51(11), 2375–2390. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002116

Cheema, B.S., Kilbreath, S.L., Fahey, P.P., Delaney, G.P., & Atlantis, E. (2014). Safety and efficacy of progressive resistance training in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 148, 249–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-3162-9

Chen, H.-L., Liu, K., & You, Q.-S. (2018). Self-efficacy, cancer-related fatigue, and quality of life in patients with resected lung cancer. European Journal of Cancer Care, 27(6), e12934. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12934

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587

Cornette, T., Vincent, F., Mandigout, S., Antonini, M., Leobon, S., Labrunie, A., Venat, L., Lavau, S., & Mathieu, T. (2016). Effects of home-based exercise training on VO2 in breast cancer patients under adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (SAPA): a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 52(2), 223.232.

Cramer, H., Lauche, R., Klose, P., Dobos, G., & Langhorst, J. (2014). A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise interventions for colorectal cancer patients. European Journal of Cancer Care, 23(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12093

Cruz Jerónimo, A., Gutiérrez Sida, C., & Velasco Vázquez, M.L. (2016). Cambios en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca en pacientes con cáncer. Psicología y Salud, 26(1), 33–41.

D’Ascenzi, F., Anselmi, F., Fiorentini, C., Mannucci, R., Bonifazi, M., & Mondillo, S. (2021). The benefits of exercise in cancer patients and the criteria for exercise prescription in cardio-oncology. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 28(7), 725–735. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319874900

Dalla Via, J., Daly, R.M., & Fraser, S.F. (2018). The effect of exercise on bone mineral density in adult cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporosis International, 29, 287–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4237-3

de Castro Filha, J.G., Miranda, A.K., Martins Júnior, F.F., Costa, H.A., Figueiredo, K.R., de Oliveira Junior, M.N., & Garcia, J.B. (2016). Influências do exercício físico na qualidade de vida em dois grupos de pacientes com câncer de mama. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Do Esporte, 38(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2015.11.008

Fadul, N., Strasser, F., Palmer, J.L., Yusuf, S.W., Guo, Y., Li, Z., Allo, J., & Bruera, E. (2010). The association between autonomic dysfunction and survival in male patients with advanced cancer: a preliminary report. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 39(2), 283–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2009.06.014

Fernández Ortega, J.A., & de Paz Fernández, J.A. (2016). Efectos de un programa combinado de ejercicios de fuerza y aeróbicos de alta intensidad en pacientes supervivientes al cáncer de mama: estudio piloto. Apunts: Medicina de l’esport, 51(189), 3–12.

Fuller, J.T., Hartland, M.C., Maloney, L.T., & Davison, K. (2018). Therapeutic effects of aerobic and resistance exercises for cancer survivors: a systematic review of meta-analyses of clinical trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(20), 1311. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098285

Irwin, M.L., Cartmel, B., Gross, C.P., Ercolano, E., Li, F., Yao, X., Fiellin, M., Capozza, S., Rothbard, M., Zhou, Y., Harrigan, M., Sanft, T., Schmitz, K., Neogi, T., Hershman, D., & Ligibel, J. (2015). Randomized exercise trial of aromatase inhibitor–induced arthralgia in breast cancer survivors. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 33(10), 1104–1111. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.57.1547

Jeong, T. S., Reilly, T., Morton, J., Bae, S.W., & Drust, S. (2011). Quantification of the physiological loading of one week of “pre-season” and one week “in-season” training in professional soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(11), 1161–1166. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.583671

Kendall, A.R., Mahue-Giangreco, M., Carpenter, C.L., Ganz, P.A., & Bernstein, L. (2005). Influence of exercise activity on quality of life in long-term breast cancer survivors. Quality of Life Research, 14, 361–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-004-1468-5

Khan, F.A., Akhtar, S.S., & Sheikh, M.K. (2005). Cancer treatment-objetives and quality of life issues. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 12(1), 3–5.

King, A.C., Whitt-Glover, M.C., Márquez, D.X., Buman, M.P., Napolitano, M.A., Jakicic, J., Fulton, J.E., & Tennant, B.L. (2019). Physical activity promotion: highlights from the 2018 physical activity guidelines advisory committee systematic review. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 51(6), 1340–1353. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001945

Kirkham, A.A., Virani, S.A., Bland, K.A., McKenzie, D.C., Gelmon, K.A., Warburton, D.E., & Campbell, K.L. (2020). Exercise training affects hemodynamics not cardiac function during anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 184, 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-020-05824-x

Kyrgiou, M., Kalliala, I., Markozannes, G., Gunter, M.J., Paraskevaidis, E., Gabra, H., Martin-Hirsch, P., & Tsilidis, K.K. (2017). Adiposity and cancer at major anatomical sites: umbrella review of the literature. BMJ, 356, j477. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j477

Loureiro, V., Morais, A., & Leal, J. (2020). Anthropometric measures, aerobic and muscular fitness: effect of an exercise program applied in school context. Journal of Sport and Health Research, 12(3), 374–383.

Milecki, P., Hojan, K., Ozga-Majchrzak, O., & Molińska-Glura, M. (2013). Exercise tolerance in breast cancer patients during radiotherapy after aerobic training. Współczesna Onkologia, 17(2), 205–209. https://doi.org/10.5114/wo.2013.34453

Niederer, D., Vogt, L., Gonzalez-Rivera, J., Schmidt, K., & Banzer, W. (2015). Heart rate recovery and aerobic endurance capacity in cancer survivors: interdependence and exercise-induced improvements. Supportive Care in Cancer, 23, 3513–3520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-015-2719-4

Padilha, C.S., Marinello, P.C., Galvão, D.A., Newton, R.U., Borges, F.H., Frajacomo, F., & Deminice, R. (2017). Evaluation of resistance training to improve muscular strength and body composition in cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy: a meta-analysis. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 11, 339–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-016-0592-x

Patel, A.V., Friedenreich, C.M., Moore, S.C., Hayes, S.C., Silver, J.K., Campbell, K.L., Winters-Stone, K., Gerber, L.H., George, S.M., Fulton, J.E., Denlinger, C., Morris, G.S., Hue, T., Schmitz, K.H., & Matthews, C.E. (2019). American college of sports medicine roundtable report on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cancer prevention and control. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 51(11), 2391–2402. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002117

Pereira-Rodríguez, J., Peñaranda-Florez, D., Pereira-Rodríguez, R., Pereira-Rodríguez, P., Velásquez-Badillo, X., & Cañizares-Pérez, Y. (2020). Fatiga asociada al cáncer de mama luego de un programa de entrenamiento. Acta Médica Costarricense, 62(1), 18–25.

Piraux, E., Caty, G., & Reychler, G. (2018). Effects of preoperative combined aerobic and resistance exercise training in cancer patients undergoing tumour resection surgery: A systematic review of randomised trials. Surgical Oncology, 27(3), 584–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suronc.2018.07.007

Quist, M., Rorth, M., Zacho, M., Andersen, C., Moeller, T., Midtgaard, J., & Adamsen, L. (2006). High-intensity resistance and cardiovascular training improve physical capacity in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 16(5), 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00503.x

Rahnama, N., Nouri, R., Rahmaninia, F., Damirchi, A., & Emami, H. (2010). The effects of exercise training on maximum aerobic capacity, resting heart rate, blood pressure and anthropometric variables of postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Journal of Research in Medical Sciecne, 15(2), 78–83.

Reis, A.D., Pereira, P.T., Diniz, R.R., de Castro Filha, J.G., dos Santos, A.M., Ramallo, B.T., Filho, F.A.,Navarro, F., & Garcia, J.B. (2018). Effect of exercise on pain and functional capacity in breast cancer patients. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 16(58). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-0882-2

Schmid, D., & Leitzmann, M.F. (2014). Association between physical activity and mortality among breast cancer and colorectal cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Oncology, 25(7), 1293–1311. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu012

Scott, J.M., Zabor, E.C., Schwitzer, E., Koelwyn, G.J., Adams, S.C., Nilsen, T.S., Moskowitz, C.S., Matsoukas, K., Iyengar, N.M., Dang, C.T., & Jones, L.W. (2018). Efficacy of exercise therapy on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 36(22), 2297–2305. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.77.5809

Shapiro, S.S., & Wilk, M.B. (1965). An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples). Biometrika, 52(3/4), 591–611. https://doi.org/10.2307/2333709

Steele, B. (1996). Timed walking tests of exercise capacity in chronic cardiopulmonary illness. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 16(1), 25–33.

Sweegers, M.G., Altenburg, T.M., Chinapaw, M.J., Kalter, J., Verdonck-de Leeuw, I.M., Courneya, K.S., Newton, R.U., Aaronson, N.K., Jacobsen, P.B., Brug, J., & Buffart, L. M. (2018). Which exercise prescriptions improve quality of life and physical function in patients with cancer during and following treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(8), 505–513. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097891

Thomas, G.A., Cartmel, B., Harrigan, M., Fiellin, M., Capozza, S., Zhou, Y., Ercolano, E., Gross, C.P., Hershman, D., Ligibel, J., Schmitz, K., Li, F.-Y., Sanft, T., & Irwin, M.L. (2017). The effect of exercise on body composition and bone mineral density in breast cancer survivors taking aromatase inhibitors. Obesity, 25(2), 346–351. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21729

Tu, H., Wen, C.P., Tsai, S.P., Chow, W.-H., Wen, C., Ye, Y., Zhao, H., Tsai, M.K., Huang, M., Dinney, C.P., Tsao, C.K., & Wu, X. (2018). Cancer risk associated with chronic diseases and disease markers: prospective cohort study. BMJ, 360, k134. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k134

Vilagut, G., Ferrer, M., Rajmil, L., Rebollo, P., Permanyer-Miralda, G., Quintana, J.M., Santed, R., Valderas, J.M., Ribera, A., Domingo-Salvany, A., & Alonso, J. (2005). El Cuestionario de Salud SF-36 español: una década de experiencia y nuevos desarrollos. Gaceta Sanitaria, 19, 135–150.

Wang, S., Yang, T., Qiang, W., Zhao, Z., Shen, A., & Zhang, F. (2022). Benefits of weight loss programs for breast cancer survivors: a systematic reviews and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Supportive Care in Cancer, 30, 3745–3760. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-021-06739-z

Ware, J.E., & Donald, C. (1992). The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual Framework and Item Selection. Medical Care, 30(6), 473–483.

Downloads

Published

2024-07-01

How to Cite

Blanco-Romero , L., Hernández-Beltrán, V., Gamonales, J. M. ., Gámez-Calvo, L., Muñoz-Jiménez, J., & Rojas-Valverde, D. (2024). Effect of an aerobic exercise programme in cancer survivors. Retos, 56, 846–853. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.104980

Issue

Section

Original Research Article

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 > >>