Análisis de los programas de ejercicio acuático en personas con fibromialgia (Analysis of aquatic exercise programmes for people with fibromyalgia)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.97947

Palabras clave:

Fibromialgia, Ejercicio Acuático, Calidad de vida

Resumen

La Fibromialgia provoca una disminución en la función física, en la calidad de vida y una mayor prevalencia de enfermedades vinculadas a la salud mental. El tratamiento farmacológico es el más empleado en pacientes con fibromialgia, pero un correcto abordaje del proceso terapéutico debe incluir la práctica de ejercicio físico. La actividad física provoca mejoras en la sintomatología, la capacidad aeróbica, la función física y la percepción subjetiva de bienestar general y autoeficacia. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio es desarrollar una actualización del estado del arte relacionado con el ejercicio acuático en pacientes con Fibromialgia, así como conocer los principales beneficios de este tipo de intervenciones. Para la búsqueda, recopilación y selección de artículos, se emplearon las palabras clave: “fibromyalgia” y “aquatic exercise”, que fueron introducidas en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science y PubMed. Para ajustar la búsqueda al objeto de estudio, se establecieron una serie de criterios de inclusión de las publicaciones científicas. Los estudios analizados muestran que el ejercicio acuático es una alternativa eficaz y complementaria a la terapia convencional. Entre los beneficios del ejercicio acuático destacan la disminución del estrés, la reducción de la fatiga y la mejora de los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, así como una disminución del dolor y de los problemas de insomnio. A la vista de estos resultados, parece que los programas acuáticos de ejercicio físico son un tipo de tratamiento no farmacológico para tener en cuenta en el tratamiento de pacientes con fibromialgia, mejorando la sintomatología y la calidad de vida.

Palabras clave: Fibromialgia; Ejercicio Acuático; Calidad de vida

Abstract. Fibromyalgia causes a decrease in physical function, quality of life and a higher prevalence of mental health-related diseases. Pharmacological treatment is the most used in patients with fibromyalgia, but a correct approach to the therapeutic process should include the practice of physical exercise. Physical activity causes improvements in symptomatology, aerobic capacity, physical function and subjective perception of general well-being and self-efficacy. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to develop an update of the state of the art related to aquatic exercise in patients with fibromyalgia, as well as to know the main benefits of this type of interventions. For the search, compilation and selection of articles, the keywords "fibromyalgia" and "aquatic exercise" were used, which were entered in the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases. To adjust the search to the object of study, a series of inclusion criteria were established for the scientific publications. The studies analyzed show that aquatic exercise is an effective and complementary alternative to conventional therapy. Among the benefits of aquatic exercise are a decrease in stress, a reduction in fatigue and an improvement in symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as a decrease in pain and insomnia problems. In view of these results, it seems that aquatic physical exercise programs are a type of non-pharmacological treatment to be considered in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia, improving symptoms and quality of life.

Keywords: Fibromyalgia; Aquatic exercise; Quality of life

Citas

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2023-03-31

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Acosta-Gallego, A., Hernández-Beltrán, V., Gámez-Calvo, L. ., Muñoz-Jiménez, J., & Gamonales, J. M. (2023). Análisis de los programas de ejercicio acuático en personas con fibromialgia (Analysis of aquatic exercise programmes for people with fibromyalgia). Retos, 48, 988–999. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.97947

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Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

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