Análisis cinético y cinemático de un press de banca a diferentes intensidades de carga (Kinetic y kinematic analysis of a bench press at different load intensities)

Autores/as

  • Salvador Baena-Morales
  • Olalla García-Taibo
  • Moisés Vila Blanch
  • Francisco Tomás González Fernández

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.78661

Palabras clave:

Press de banca, Porcentaje de carga, Repetición máxima, Entrenamiento de fuerza., (Maximal repetition, force, velocity, power, bench press, perceived effort)

Resumen

 

 

El press de banca (PB) es uno de ejercicios con más tradición en las ciencias del deporte. Su estudio ha sido abordado desde diferentes perspectivas, principalmente analizando los efectos de variantes técnicas orientadas a mejorar la programación del entrenamiento en diferentes deportes y poblaciones. La repetición máxima ha sido utilizada como referencia para cuantificar la carga en diversidad de estudios. Sin embargo, es necesario conocer cómo ajustar las intensidades de entrenamiento para poder programar con mayor precisión. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar el comportamiento de las variables cinéticas, cinemáticas y psicológicas a distintos porcentajes de la 1RM (repetición máxima) del PB. Treinta estudiantes universitarios sanos formaron parte de la muestra experimental (Edad 23 ± 0,45 años; talla 181,13 ± 2,25 cm; peso 78,25 ± 4,81 Kg; porcentaje muscular 52,10 ± 0,30%, porcentaje graso 12,05 ± 0,59%; IMC 24, 12 ± 0,84). Los participantes realizaron una sesión de familiarización con la técnica del PB y realizaron un test incremental para la obtención de la 1RM. Después de 7 días volvieron a realizar el mismo protocolo, pero a diferentes intensidades de la 1RM (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% y 100%). Los datos obtenidos aportaron información descriptiva del comportamiento de las variables analizadas al aumentar la carga en sujetos entrenados. La presente investigación podría sugerir variaciones en las cargas de trabajo previstas y predecir posibles adaptaciones dentro de la programación del trabajo de fuerza.

Abstract. Bench press exercise is one of the most popular exercises in sports science. It has been studied from different approaches, mostly analyzing the effects of technical variations in order to improve training schedule on different sports and populations. The one repetition maximum has been used as a reference to quantify the load in diverse studies. However, knowing how to adjust training intensities is necessary in order to schedule training accurately. The objective of the present study was to analyze the response of kinematic, kinetic and psychological variables at different percentages of 1RM. The study sample was comprised of thirty healthy university students (Age 23 ± 0.45 years; height 181.13 ± 2.25 cm; weight 78.25 ± 4.81 Kg; muscle percentage 52.10 ± 0.30%, fat percentage 12.05 ± 0.59%; BMI 24, 12 ± 0.84). The participants attended a familiarization session with the bench press technique and performed an incremental test to obtain the 1RM. They returned to carry out the same protocol seven days after, but different intensities of the 1RM were accomplished (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%). The results obtained provided descriptive data about the behaviour of the analyzed variables by increasing the load on trained subjects. The present research could suggest variations in the expected workloads and predict possible adaptations within the force work schedule.

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Publicado

2021-01-01

Cómo citar

Baena-Morales, S., García-Taibo, O., Vila Blanch, M., & González Fernández, F. T. (2021). Análisis cinético y cinemático de un press de banca a diferentes intensidades de carga (Kinetic y kinematic analysis of a bench press at different load intensities). Retos, 39, 459–464. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.78661

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

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