Efecto de la contaminación particulada en la aptitud física de jóvenes estudiantes según género y edad (Particulate pollution effect on physical fitness of youth students according to gender and age)

Francisco Tomás González Fernández; Filipe Manuel  Clemente; Pedro Jesús  Ruiz-Montero; Georgian  Badicu; Hadi Nobari; Luis Manuel  Martínez-Aranda

Autores/as

Francisco Tomás González Fernández https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1480-7521
Filipe Manuel Clemente
Pedro Jesús Ruiz-Montero
Georgian Badicu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4100-8765
Hadi Nobari
Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6188-9443

Palabras clave:

Condición física, polución, test cardiorrespiratiro, adolescente, efectos nocivos

Resumen

Una amplia revisión de la literatura que investiga los efectos perjudiciales de la contaminación particulada ha demostrado que afectan directamente sobre la salud y que causa enfermedades crónicas en el sistema cardiorrespiratorio. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue el analizar el posible efecto de la contaminación particulada sobre la condición cardiorrespiratoria en jóvenes estudiantes, según edad y género. Un total de 293 estudiantes de dos poblaciones cercanas del sureste de España, participaron en el estudio. Fueron divididos en grupo experimental (GE) (185 sujetos) y grupo control (GC) (108 sujetos). Se llevaron a cabo pruebas antropométricas y el test de caminata de 6 minutos para determinar la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria de los jóvenes estudiantes (VO2max. estimado), en dos momentos del año (pre: GE con polución particulada, GC en condiciones normales) y (post: GE y GC en condiciones normales). Los resultados muestran que el GE en su conjunto muestra una clara diferencia pre-post con una mejora de un 13.01% entre puntos temporales (p<.001), no encontrándose cambios en el GC, el cual cuenta con valores más elevados tanto en el pre como en el post comparado con el GE. El nivel de secundaria mostró porcentajes de diferencia pre-post más elevados comparado con bachillerato en el GE (13.24 vs. 8.00 %Dif, p<.001, ES= 0,91-1.83 para ambos niveles educativos, respectivamente), contando este último con valores más elevados tanto al inicio como al final. No se observan diferencias significativas entre géneros tanto en el GE, GC, medida pre y post, aunque si se observa tendencia positiva a valores más elevados en chicos. De forma general, nuestros hallazgos podrían ser explicados por los efectos perjudiciales que la contaminación particulada causó en la muestra de estudio. En todo caso, los valores observados son motivo de preocupación para las autoridades pertinentes, sobre todo teniendo en cuenta los antecedentes encontrados en la literatura.

Palabras clave: Condición física; Polución; test cardiorrespiratorio; adolescentes; efectos nocivos.

Abstract. A wide literature review of studies evaluating the damaging effects of particulate pollution reveals that it directly affects health and specially causes cardiorespiratory chronic diseases. The main purpose of this study was to analyse the possible effect of particle pollution on cardiorespiratory fitness in youth students, according to age and gender. A total of 293 students from two nearby villages in southern Spain participated in the study. They were divided into experimental group (EG) (185 subjects) and control group (CG) (108 subjects). Anthropometric tests and the 6-minute walking test were carried out to determine the cardiorespiratory capacity of the subjects (estimated VO2 max), at two time points during the year (pre: GE with particulate pollution, GC under normal conditions) and (post: GE and GC under normal conditions). The results showed that the GE as a whole had a clear pre-post difference with an improvement of 13.01% between time points (p<.001), with no change found in the GC, which had higher values both pre and post compared to the GE. The secondary school level showed higher pre-post difference percentages compared to upper secondary school in the EG (13.24 vs. 8.00 %Dif, p<.001, ES= 0.91-1.83 for both educational levels, respectively), with the latter having higher values both at baseline and at endpoint. No significant differences were observed between genders in the GE, GC, pre and post measurements, although a positive tendency towards higher values in boys was observed. The outcomes could be explained by the detrimental effects that air pollution could cause in our study sample. Anyway, the observed values are cause of concern for the pertinent authorities considering the antecedents found in the literature review.

Keywords: Physical fitness; Pollution; Cardiorespiratory test; Adolescents; Harmful effects.

Citas

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Efecto de la contaminación particulada en la aptitud física de jóvenes estudiantes según género y edad (Particulate pollution effect on physical fitness of youth students according to gender and age)

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