Análisis de la calidad del sueño y su impacto en la composición corporal en culturistas naturales el día previo a la competencia

Autores/as

  • Miguel Alarcón-Rivera Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte y Actividad Física, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-5567
  • Felipe Montecino Rojas Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte y Actividad Física, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile.
  • Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7001-9004
  • Cristian Salazar-Orellana Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte y Actividad Física, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3431-3203
  • Eduar Gaete Valdés Gimnasio Nutre y Entrena, Talca, Chile. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8249-1882
  • Diego Durán Araya Universidad de Aconcagua (Chile)
  • Pablo Luna-Villouta Departamento de Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Concepción, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2825-0303
  • César Fáundez-Casanova Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-4169
  • Héctor Fuentes-Barría Facultad de odontología, Universidad Andres Bello, Concepción, Chile. Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-0848
  • Raúl Aguilera-Eguía Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Chile.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.111445

Palabras clave:

condición física, fisicoculturismo, hipertrofia muscular, puesta a punto, calidad del sueño

Resumen

Introducción: El culturismo es un deporte que evalúa a los atletas en función de su masa muscular, simetría y definición muscular, a diferencia de los deportes convencionales que suelen basarse en el rendimiento deportivo en competencia.

Objetivo: El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la masa grasa (FM) y la masa muscular esquelética (SMM) por medio de bioimpedancia con la calidad del sueño en fisicoculturistas naturales el día previo a la competencia.

Metodología: Veintiséis culturistas naturales participaron en el campeonato WNBF. Se evaluó la composición corporal para obtener datos de SMM y FM. Además, se aplicó el PSQI.

Resultados: Se obtuvieron relaciones significativas entre SMM y PSQI (p= 0.02, R = -0.38, R²= 0.14) y una correlación moderada entre FM y PSQI (p= 0.04, R = 0.40, R²= 0.15). La eficiencia del sueño mostró una correlación negativa (p= 0.001, R = -0.55, R²= 0.31) con la FM y una correlación positiva (p = 0.002, R = 0.58, R²= 0.34) con el SMM. La duración del sueño mostró una correlación negativa (p = 0.024, R = -0.39, R²= 0.15) con la FM y una correlación positiva ((p = 0.021, R = 0.45, R²= 0.20) con el SMM.

Discusión: Se reporta que el sueño insuficiente afecta negativamente la composición corporal, con menos pérdida de grasa y menor ganancia muscular.

Conclusión: Una mala calidad del sueño se relaciona con una mayor grasa corporal y una mejor calidad del sueño con una mayor masa muscular, lo que subraya la importancia del sueño para lograr una composición corporal y un rendimiento óptimos en los culturistas naturales.

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Publicado

2025-03-11

Cómo citar

Alarcón-Rivera, M., Montecino Rojas, F., Guzmán-Muñoz, E., Salazar-Orellana, C., Gaete Valdés, E., Durán Araya, D., Luna-Villouta, P., Fáundez-Casanova, C., Fuentes-Barría, H., & Aguilera-Eguía, R. (2025). Análisis de la calidad del sueño y su impacto en la composición corporal en culturistas naturales el día previo a la competencia. Retos, 66, 395–402. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.111445

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