Efectos de un entrenamiento muscular de core sobre la postura, funcionalidad y la presencia de dolor en estudiantes universitarias con dolor lumbar (Effects of core muscle training on posture, functionality and pain in university students with low back pain)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.103964

Palabras clave:

Postura; socialización; ejercicio físico

Resumen

El dolor lumbar es un problema de salud común que puede ser asociado a afecciones de salud y ausentismo académico en estudiantes universitarias. La debilidad de la zona media (core) afecta la estabilidad de la columna, contribuyendo al dolor lumbar. Este estudio analizó los efectos de un entrenamiento de core en la postura, funcionalidad y dolor en mujeres universitarias con dolor lumbar. Se realizó un ensayo cuasiexperimental con 22 participantes divididas en un grupo experimental y un grupo control. La postura se evaluó mediante pruebas de flechas sagital y un inclinómetro, la funcionalidad con el cuestionario de Oswestry, y el dolor con una escala analógica. El entrenamiento consistió en ejercicios específicos de core, realizados dos veces por semana durante cuatro semanas. Los resultados mostraron que, aunque no hubo cambios significativos en la funcionalidad (p=0,356), el grupo experimental presentó una reducción significativa en la cifosis (p=0,016) y lordosis (p=0,011), así como una disminución en ENA (p=0,014). Estos hallazgos sugieren que un programa de entrenamiento de core puede mejorar la postura y reducir el dolor en mujeres universitarias con dolor lumbar. Sin embargo, se recomienda mayor frecuencia de sesiones para obtener mejoras en la funcionalidad. En conclusión, el entrenamiento de core es una intervención efectiva para mejorar la postura y reducir el dolor en estudiantes universitarias, destacando la importancia de incluir estos ejercicios en los programas de prevención y tratamiento del dolor lumbar en esta población.

Palabras claves: Fisioterapia; Aptitud Física; Estabilidad; Educación y Entrenamiento Físico

Abstract. Low back pain is a common health problem that can be associated with health conditions and academic absenteeism in female college students. Core weakness affects spinal stability and contributes to low back pain. This study examined the effects of core training on posture, function, and pain in female college students with low back pain. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 22 participants divided into an experimental group and a control group. Posture was assessed with sagittal arrow tests and an inclinometer, function with the Oswestry questionnaire, and pain with an analog scale (ENA). Training consisted of specific core exercises performed twice a week for four weeks. The results showed that although there were no significant changes in functionality (p=0.356), the experimental group showed a significant reduction in kyphosis (p=0.016) and lordosis (p=0.011), as well as a decrease in ENA (p=0.014). These results suggest that a core training program can improve posture and reduce pain in college women with low back pain. However, more frequent sessions are recommended to achieve improvements in functionality. In conclusion, core training is an effective intervention to improve posture and reduce pain in college women, highlighting the importance of including these exercises in prevention and treatment programs for low back pain in this population.

Keywords: Physical Therapy Specialty; Physical Fitness; Core Stability, Physical Education and Training

Biografía del autor/a

Sebastián Andrés Astorga Verdugo , Universidad Autónoma de Chile

Doctor en ciencias del deporte 

magister en terapia manual ortopedica 

Soledad Patricia Gonzalez Silva , Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Chile

Magister en terapia manual ortopedica 

Guillermo Damian Campos Saavedra , Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Chile

Magister en terapia manual ortopedica 

Aldo Rodrigo Martinez Araya , Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Chile

Doctor en ciencias de la actividad fisica

Magister en kinesiologia mencion biomecanica

Caroline Elizabeth Zamorano Sanchez , Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Chile

Magister en docencia y gestion para la educacion superior 

Eduardo Enrique Guzman-Muñoz , Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Chile

Doctor en Ciencias de la Actividad fisica 

Magister en ciencias de la salud y el deporte 

Reinaldo Antonio Saez Selaive , Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Chile

Doctor en deporte y ejercicio

Magister en ciencias de la actividad fisica 

Miguel Alarcón-Rivera , Universidad Santo Tomás (Chile)

MSc, Lic. Ciencias del Deporte y Actividad Física.

Germán Rojas Cabezas , Universidad Santo Tomás (Chile)

Facultad de Economia y Negocios 

Citas

Abdi, A., Bagheri, S. R., Shekarbeigi, Z., Usefvand, S., & Alimohammadi, E. (2023). The effect of repeated flexion-based exercises versus extension-based exercises on the clinical outcomes of patients with lumbar disk herniation surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Neurological research, 45(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2022.2116686

Alturkistani, L. H., Hendi, O. M., Bajaber, A. S., Alhamoud, M. A., Althobaiti, S. S., Alharthi, T. A., & Atallah, A. A. (2020). Prevalence of Lower Back Pain and its Relation to Stress Among Medical Students in Taif University, Saudi Ara-bia. International journal of preventive medicine, 11, 35. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_264_19

Alqhtani, R. S., Ahmed, H., Ghulam, H. S. H., Alyami, A. M., Al Sharyah, Y. H. H., Ahmed, R., ... & Khan, A. R. (2024). Efficacy of Core-Strengthening and Intensive Dynamic Back Exercises on Pain, Core Muscle Endurance, and Functional Disability in Patients with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Comparative Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(2), 475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063728

Arokoski, J. P., Valta, T., Kankaanpää, M., & Airaksinen, O. (2004). Activation of lumbar paraspinal and abdominal muscles during therapeutic exercises in chronic low back pain patients. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 85(5), 823–832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2003.06.013

Astorga, S. A., González, S., Martínez, A., Rojas, G., Borges, F. (2021). Efectividad de un entrenamiento de fuerza con ca-racterística socializadora y lúdica sobre los dominios de la calidad de vida en adultos mayores con anteposición de cabeza y cuello. Retos, 39, 713-717. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.80316

Camargo Lemos, D.M., Orozco Vargas, L.C., Hernández Sánchez, J., & Niño Cruz, G.I.. (2009). Dolor de espalda crónico y actividad física en estudiantes universitarios de áreas de la salud. Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor, 16(8), 429-436. Disponible en: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1134-80462009000800003&lng=es&tlng=es.

Gorji, S. M., Mohammadi Nia Samakosh, H., Watt, P., Henrique Marchetti, P., & Oliveira, R. (2022). Pain Neuroscience Education and Motor Control Exercises versus Core Stability Exercises on Pain, Disability, and Balance in Women with Chronic Low Back Pain. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(5), 2694. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052694

Gorman, P. P., Butler, R. J., Plisky, P. J., & Kiesel, K. B. (2012). Upper Quarter Y Balance Test: reliability and perfor-mance comparison between genders in active adults. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 26(11), 3043–3048. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182472fdb

Grgic, J., Schoenfeld, B. J., Davies, T. B., Lazinica, B., Krieger, J. W., & Pedisic, Z. (2018). Effect of resistance training frequency on gains in muscular strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 48, 1207-1220. doi: 10.1007/s40279-018-0872-x

Hodges, P. W., & Richardson, C. A. (1996). Inefficient muscular stabilization of the lumbar spine associated with low back pain. A motor control evaluation of transversus abdominis. Spine, 21(22), 2640–2650. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199611150-00014

Hodges P. W. (1999). Is there a role for transversus abdominis in lumbo-pelvic stability?. Manual therapy, 4(2), 74–86. https://doi.org/10.1054/math.1999.0169

IJzelenberg W, Oosterhuis T, Hayden JA, Koes BW, van Tulder MW, Rubinstein SM, de Zoete A. Exercise therapy for treatment of acute non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Aug 30;8(8):CD009365. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009365.pub2. PMID: 37646368; PMCID: PMC10467021.

Jones, C. M. P., Day, R. O., Koes, B. W., Latimer, J., Maher, C. G., McLachlan, A. J., Billot, L., Shan, S., Lin, C. C., & OPAL Investigators Coordinators (2023). Opioid analgesia for acute low back pain and neck pain (the OPAL trial): a ran-domised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 402(10398), 304–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00404-X

Kavcic, N., Grenier, S., & McGill, S. M. (2004). Quantifying tissue loads and spine stability while performing commonly prescribed low back stabilization exercises. Spine, 29(20), 2319–2329. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000142222.62203.67

Kibler, W. B., Press, J., & Sciascia, A. (2006). The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 36(3), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636030-00001

Kim, B., & Yim, J. (2020). Core Stability and Hip Exercises Improve Physical Function and Activity in Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 251(3), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.251.193

Kienbacher, T., Kollmitzer, J., Anders, P., Habenicht, R., Starek, C., Wolf, M., Paul, B., Mair, P., & Ebenbichler, G. (2016). Age-related test-retest reliability of isometric trunk torque measurements in patiens with chronic low back pain. Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 48(10), 893–902. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2164

Kumar, T., Kumar, S., Nezamuddin, M., & Sharma, V. P. (2015). Efficacy of core muscle strengthening exercise in chronic low back pain patients. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 28(4), 699–707. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-140572

Mahmoud, N. A., Abu Raddaha, A. H., & Zaghamir, D. E. (2022). Impact of Digital Device Use on Neck and Low Back Pain Intensity among Nursing Students at a Saudi Government University: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel, Swit-zerland), 10(12), 2424. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122424

Mamipour, H., Farazmehr, S., Negahban, H., Nazary-Moghadam, S., Dehghan-Manshadi, F., Navi Nezhad, M., Jafari, S., & Sharifzadeh, M. (2023). Effect of Core Stabilization Exercises on Pain, Functional Disability, and Quality of Life in Preg-nant Women With Lumbar and Pelvic Girdle Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of manipulative and physiologi-cal therapeutics, 46(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2023.05.005

Marinho, M. F. S., & Lucena, L. C. D. (2022). Postural changes and chronic lumbar pain in university students: original study. Coluna/Columna, 21, e261566. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1808-185120222104261566

Narouei, S., hossein Barati, A., Akuzawa, H., Talebian, S., Ghiasi, F., Akbari, A., & hossein Alizadeh, M. (2020). Effects of core stabilization exercises on thickness and activity of trunk and hip muscles in subjects with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 24(4), 138-146. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.06.026

Navarro, I. J. R. L., Rosa, B. N. D., & Candotti, C. T. (2019). Anatomical reference marks, evaluation parameters and re-producibility of surface topography for evaluating the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Gait & posture, 69, 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.01.001

Pivotto, L. R., Navarro, I. J. R. L., & Candotti, C. T. (2021). Radiography and photogrammetry-based methods of assessing cervical spine posture in the sagittal plane: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Gait & posture, 84, 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.12.033

Ríos, I. D. P. (2015). Entrenamiento funcional del core: eje del entrenamiento inteligente. Revista Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud UDES, 2(1), 47-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20320/rfcsudes.v2i1.247

Rodríguez-Perea, Á., Reyes-Ferrada, W., Jerez-Mayorga, D., Chirosa Ríos, L., Van den Tillar, R., Chirosa Ríos, I., & Mar-tínez-García, D. (2023). Core training and performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Biology of sport, 40(4), 975–992. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2023.123319

Shetty, G. M., Jain, S., Thakur, H., & Khanna, K. (2022). Prevalence of low back pain in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Work (Reading, Mass.), 73(2), 429–452. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-205300.

Soares Fonseca, L., Pereira Silva, J., Bastos Souza, M., Gabrich Moraes Campos, M., de Oliveira Mascarenhas, R., de Jesus Silva, H., Souza Máximo Pereira, L., Xavier Oliveira, M., & Cunha Oliveira, V. (2023). Effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy on pain intensity and disability in older people with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 32(9), 3245–3271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-023-07857-4

Vatovec, R., & Voglar, M. (2024). Changes of trunk muscle stiffness in individuals with low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 25(1), 155. doi: 10.1186/s12891-024-07241-3

Waseem, M., Karimi, H., Gilani, S. A., & Hassan, D. (2019). Treatment of disability associated with chronic non-specific low back pain using core stabilization exercises in Pakistani population. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilita-tion, 32(1), 149-154. doi: 10.3233/BMR-171114

Westrick, R. B., Miller, J. M., Carow, S. D., & Gerber, J. P. (2012). Exploration of the y-balance test for assessment of upper quarter closed kinetic chain performance. International journal of sports physical therapy, 7(2), 139–147. PMID: 22530188

Descargas

Publicado

2024-09-01

Cómo citar

Astorga Verdugo, S. A., Gonzalez Silva, S. P. ., Campos Saavedra, G. D. ., Martinez Araya, A. R. ., Zamorano Sanchez , C. E. ., Guzman-Muñoz, E. E. . ., Saez Selaive, R. A. ., Alarcón-Rivera, M. ., & Rojas Cabezas , G. . (2024). Efectos de un entrenamiento muscular de core sobre la postura, funcionalidad y la presencia de dolor en estudiantes universitarias con dolor lumbar (Effects of core muscle training on posture, functionality and pain in university students with low back pain). Retos, 58, 338–343. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.103964

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a