Perfil de rendimiento físico en baloncesto juvenil: comparación de potencia anaeróbica, potencia de salto y vo2max según posición de juego
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v64.109489Palabras clave:
Baloncesto, nivel físico, deporte, entrenamientoResumen
Resumen: El baloncesto es un deporte intermitente que requiere fuerza, velocidad, agilidad y capacidades aeróbicas y anaeróbicas. Factores como la altura, composición corporal y perfil fisiológico son fundamentales para el rendimiento, permitiendo ajustar los entrenamientos según las demandas del deporte y la posición de juego. Objetivo: Describir y comparar el perfil de rendimiento físico en jugadores juveniles de baloncesto, con énfasis en potencia anaeróbica, potencia de salto y Vo2max, según su posición. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 15 jugadores juveniles seleccionados aleatoriamente de clubes de Valdivia, con edad promedio de 16.47±1.19 años, peso de 74.67±7.98 kg, estatura de 175±6.24 cm, grasa corporal de 25.05±2.46% y masa muscular de 41,79±3,49%. Se realizaron pruebas de VO2max, salto (Bosco) y potencia anaeróbica (Wingate). Resultados: Los escoltas obtuvieron un VO2max significativamente mayor (54.23±6.32 ml/kg) que los ala-pívots (48.15±7.22 ml/kg) y pívots (49.68±8.09 ml/kg) (p=0.02). En potencia de salto, los aleros sobresalieron con 46.10±4.50 cm, frente a escoltas (40.20±5.10 cm) y pívots (38.70±5.80 cm) (p=0.03). En potencia anaeróbica, los aleros también lideraron (9.10±1.10 W/kg) sobre escoltas (8.30±1.15 W/kg) y pívots (7.95±1.25 W/kg) (p=0.01). Conclusiones: Existen diferencias significativas en rendimiento físico según la posición de juego. Los escoltas destacan en capacidad aeróbica, mientras que los aleros sobresalen en potencia de salto y anaeróbica, indicando la importancia de entrenamientos específicos para cada rol.
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